Study reference | Country | Health economic study design (CA: cost analysis; CEA: cost effectiveness anl., CD: cost description; CMA: cost minimization anl.; COD: Cost outcome description; CUA: cost utility anl.) | Costing approaches (BU: bottom up; HCA: human capital approach; RVA: replacement value approach; WP: willingess to pay; TD: top down) | Costing perspective (CG: caregiver; CO: companion; HO: household; HS: healthsystem; PA: patient; PR: provider, PY: payer; S: societal) | Cost components (0: total cost, 1A: direct medical cost; 1B: direct non medical cost; 2: indirect cost; 3: clinic cost; 4: intervention cost) | Study design generating effectiveness or outcomes (MA: meta analysis, OS: observational study, OT: other study designs, RCT: randomised controlled trial) | Setting (HC: health center; HP: Hospital; MI: missionary; NFP: not for profit organization; NGO: non governmental organization; R: rural; PRI: private; PU: public; U: urban) | Sample definition (AH: arterial hypertension, BP: blood pressure; SPB: systolic blood pressure, y: years) | Sample size (N) | Main outcomes (AH: arterial hypertension, CHE: catastrophic health expenditure, NCD: non communicable diseases) | Quality, (Quality tool used) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labhardt et al. [32] | Cameroon | COD | BU | PA | 1A, 1B | RCT | PU/MI, R, HC | patients diagnosed with uncomplicated AH | 130 | retention rates and costs of a nurse led intervention | Medium (Rob2) |
Dzudie et al. [33] | Cameroon | CD | BU | PA | 1A | NAa | PU, U, HP | patients diagnosed and treated for AH (≥140/90 mmHg) | 408 | prescribing patterns of AH drugs and evaluation of effects on BP control | Medium (COI quality) |
Lulebo et al. [34] | Dem. Rep Congo | COD | BU | PA + CO | 1A, 1B | OS | PU, HP/HC | patients diagnosed with AH (≥140/90) | 260 | AH control rates and costs of a task shifting intervention | High(CHEERS) |
Zawudie et al. [35] | Ethiopia | CD | BU, HCA | PA + CO | 0, 1A, 1B, 2 | NAa | PU/NGO, R/U, HP | stage 1: 140–159/90–99 mmHg, stage 2: ≥ 160/100 mmHg | 349 | cost of illness (AH) | High (COI Quality) |
Bedane [36] | Ethiopia | CD | BU | PA + CG | 1A, 1B, 2 | NAa | PU, U, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 422 | out of pocket expenditures for AH patients and caregivers | Medium (COI Quality) |
Tolla et al. [37] | Ethiopia | CD | BU | HO | 1A, 1B | NAa | PU/PRI, U/R, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 235 | out of pocket costs and CHE for cardiovascular disease treatment | High (COI Quality) |
Adane et al. [38] | Ethiopia | CD | BU, HCA, RVA | PA | 0, 1A, 1B, 2 | NAa | PU, R/U, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 442 | cost of illness (AH) | High (COI Quality) |
Pozo-Martin et al. [39] | Ghana | CEA | BU | S, PA, PR | 0, 1A, 1B, 2, 4 | OS | PU/PRI, U, HP/HC | patients treated for AH at least for 12 months, age 18–79 y | 10,000 c | evaluation of AH control with a community based intervention | High(CHEERS) |
Jha et al. [40] | Guinea | CEA | TD | PR | 1A, 3, 4 | OTb | PU, HC | patients diagnosed with AH | 37,100 d | cost and cost effectiveness of an antihypertensive intervention | Medium (CHEERS) |
Subramanian et al. [41] | Kenya | CA | BU | PA | 1A | NAa | PU/PRI, R/U, HP/HC | NRa | NRa | cost and affordability of different NCDs | High (COI Quality) |
Subramanian et al. [42] | Kenya | CUA | BU | HS | 1A, 4 | MA RCT | NRa | cohort with risk index (with BP level and 10 year CVD risk) | 1000,000 c | cost and cost effectiveness of a risk stratified mangement approach | High (CHEERS) |
Oti et al. [43] | Kenya | COD | TD | PR | 1A, 1B, 3, 4 | OS | PU/PRI, U, PC | BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg | 976 | outcomes and costs of a community intervention | Medium (CHEERS) |
Oyando et al. [44] | Kenya | CD | BU, HCA | PA + CG | 0, 1A, 1B, 2 | NAa | PU, R, HP/HC | self reported AH, treated for 6 months | 212 | patient costs for AH treatment | High (COI Quality) |
Ba et al. [45] | Mali | CA | BU | PY (insurance) | 1A, 1B | NAa | PU, HP | patients newly diagnosed with or not yet treated for AH | 280 | costs in regard to insurance status | High (COI Quality) |
Gaziano et al. [46] | Multiple | CA | BU, WP | S | 1A, 2, 3 | NAa | NRa | SBP > 115 mmHg | NRa | global cost of AH illness and complications | High (COI Quality) |
Osibogun et al. [47] | Nigeria | CD | BU | PA | 1A | NAa | PU, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 147 | prescribing patterns and cost of prescription | Medium (COI Quality) |
Akunne et al. [48] | Nigeria | CA | BU | PA | 1A | NAa | PU, HP | patients receiving treatment for AH | 1050 | prescibing pattern, cost and quality of care | Medium (COI Quality) |
Bakare et al. [49] | Nigeria | CD | BU | PA | 1A | NAa | PU, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 200 | prescribing patterns, cost of prescription and laboratory | Medium (COI Quality) |
Onwujekwe et al. [50] | Nigeria | CA | TD | HO | 1A, 1B | NAa | PU/PRI, R/U, HP/HC | AH outpatient and inpatient visits | 154 | economic burden of different health conditions | High (COI Quality) |
Ekwunife et al. [51] | Nigeria | CUA | BU | PR (third party) | 1A | MA RCT | NRa | cohort with risk index according to 10 year CHD/stroke risk | 1000 c | cost effectiveness of drug treatment with different drug classes | High (CHEERS) |
Rosendaal et al. [52] | Nigeria | CUA | TD | PR (healthcare) | 1A, 4 | OS | PU/PRI, R | patients diagnosed with AH (JNC 7 guidelines) | 10,000 c | costs and cost effectiveness within an insurance program | High (CHEERS) |
Hendriks et al. [53] | Nigeria | CMA | BU, TD | PR (healthcare) | 1A, 3 | NAa | PRI, R, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 322 | cost of cardiovascular prevention care in different scenarios | High (CHEERS) |
Ilesanmi et al. [54] | Nigeria | CEA | BU | PA | 1A, 1B | OS | PU, R, HP | patients diagnosed with AH (JNC 7 guidelines) | 250 | costs and cost effectiveness of AH treatment | Medium (CHEERS) |
Oamen et al. [55] | Nigeria | CMA | BU | PA | 1A | OS | PU, HP | patients diagnosed with AH with regular outpatient visits | 255 | antihypertensive drug use and comparative cost analysis | High(CHEERS) |
Eberly et al. [56] | Rwanda | CD | TD | PR (public) | 1A, 1B, 3 | NAa | PU, R, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 223 | costs for setting up and maintaining a NCD clinic | Medium (COI Quality) |
Ndagijimana [57] | Rwanda | CA | TD | PR (Public) | 1A, 1B, 3 | NAa | PU, R, HP | patients diagnosed with AH | 68 | cost of providing AH care | Medium (COI Quality) |
Bovet et al. [58] | Seychelles | CA | BU | PR | 1A | NAa | PU, PC | BP stages: 1: 140–159/90–99, 2: > = 160/100 | 1255 | costs for treating high risk cardiovascular disease patients | Medium (COI Quality) |
Watkins et al. [59] | South Africa | CEA | BU | PA | 1A, 4 | MA OS | PU/PRI | NRa | 1000,000 c | cost effectiveness and outcomes of a salt reduction policy | High (CHEERS) |
Gaziano et al. [60] | South Africa | CEA | BU | HS | 1A, 4 | MA OS + RCT | NRa | cohort with different guidelines and risk profiles | 10,000,000 c | cost and cost effectiveness of different guidelines | High (CHEERS) |
Gaziano et al. [61] | South Africa | CEA | TD | PR | 1A, 4 | MA RCT | U/R, PC | NRa | NRa | cost and cost effectiveness of a community intervention | High (CHEERS) |
Basu et al. [62] | South Africa | CEA | TD | HS | 1A | MA OS | NRa | BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or being on AH treatment | 7099 c | costs and cost effectiveness of scaling up cardiovascular treatment | High (CHEERS) |
Edwards et al. [63] | South Africa | COD | BU | PR (pharmacy) | 1A | OS | PU, HC | patients diagnosed and treated for AH | 1084 | prescribing patterns and costs of new treatment guidelines | Low (Bevor-After) |
Settumba et al. [64] | Uganda | CA | BU, TD | PR (public + private) | 1A, 1B, 3 | NAa | PU/PRI NFP, U/R, HP/HC | NRa | NRa | provider costs of different chronic diseases | High (COI Quality) |