Skip to main content

Table 1 Distribution of demographic, behavioural, and health status of study participants by frailty status (n = 1458)

From: Examining the independent and interactive association of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older adults

Characteristics

Total (n = 1458)

Non-frail (n = 1163)

Frail (n = 295)

t/x2

P value

Age (year, mean ± SD)

72.38 ± 7.28

71.37 ± 6.68

76.37 ± 8.16

−9.040

< 0.0001

Gender (n, %)

   

1.734

0.188

 Male

585 (40.12)

477 (41.00)

108 (36.47)

  

 Female

873 (59.88)

686 (59.00)

187 (63.53)

  

Education level (n, %)

   

17.215

0.002

 Primary school and below

270 (18.49)

192 (16.52)

78 (26.27)

  

 Middle school

383 (26.27)

300 (25.77)

83 (28.24)

  

 High school

474 (32.54)

398 (34.23)

76 (25.88)

  

 College

328 (22.46)

270 (23.18)

58 (19.61)

  

 Master’s degree and above

3 (0.24)

3 (0.30)

0 (0.00)

  

Living status (n, %)

   

75.185

< 0.0001

 Living with family

1225 (84.05)

1024 (88.05)

201 (68.14)

  

 Living with others

138 (9.44)

69 (5.97)

69 (23.39)

  

 Living alone

95 (6.51)

70 (5.98)

25 (8.47)

  

Marital status (n, %)

   

34.620

< 0.0001

 Married

1132 (77.62)

943 (81.08)

189 (64.07)

  

 Widowed

303 (20.79)

204 (17.54)

99 (33.56)

  

 Divorced or other

23 (1.59)

16 (1.38)

7 (2.37)

  

Occupations (n, %)

   

0.668

0.716

 Civil servants or professional technicians in state units

776 (53.25)

626 (53.83)

150 (50.98)

  

 Workers, commercial, service or freelance workers

552 (37.86)

435 (37.41)

117 (39.61)

  

 Manual or unemployed

130 (8.89)

102 (8.76)

28 (9.41)

  

Average monthly income (n, %)

   

11.906

0.008

 <3000 RMB

485 (33.25)

394 (33.88)

91 (30.85)

  

 3000 ~ 6000 RMB

826 (56.67)

657 (56.49)

169 (57.29)

  

 6000 ~ 10,000 RMB

139 (9.52)

110 (9.46)

29 (9.83)

  

 >10,000 RMB

8 (0.56)

2 (0.17)

6 (2.03)

  

Main medical payment methods (n, %)

   

0.263

0.608

 All at one’s own expense

47 (3.25)

39 (3.38)

8 (2.75)

  

 Partial or full payment of medical insurance

1411 (96.75)

1124 (96.62)

287 (97.25)

  

Smoking status (n, %)

   

0.166

0.920

 Never

1238 (84.92)

988 (84.98)

250 (84.71)

  

 Current

112 (7.70)

88 (7.56)

24 (8.24)

  

 Former

108 (7.38)

87 (7.46)

21 (7.06)

  

Drinking status (n, %)

   

6.715

0.035

 Never

1259 (86.35)

993 (85.38)

266 (90.17)

  

 Current

149 (10.24)

132 (11.35)

17 (5.76)

  

 Former

50 (3.41)

38 (3.27)

12 (4.07)

  

Comorbidity (n, mean ± SD)

2.23 ± 1.79

1.99 ± 1.63

3.18 ± 2.05

−8.590

< 0.0001

Polypharmacy (n, mean ± SD)

3.27 ± 2.88

2.80 ± 2.62

5.11 ± 3.11

−10.910

< 0.0001

Physical activity (n, %)

   

38.016

< 0.0001

 Light

235 (16.11)

154 (13.23)

81 (27.45)

  

 Moderate

922 (63.25)

743 (63.88)

179 (60.78)

  

 Vigorous

301 (20.63)

266 (22.89)

35 (11.76)

  

MET-h/day (mean ± SD)

4.91 ± 4.24

5.24 ± 4.35

3.59 ± 3.45

6.480

< 0.0001

Sitting time (n, %)

   

31.719

< 0.0001

  <  4 h/day

583 (40.00)

499 (42.89)

84 (28.63)

  

 4–6 h/day

467 (32.06)

361 (31.04)

106 (36.08)

  

 6–8 h/day

272 (18.65)

218 (18.71)

54 (18.43)

  

  ≥ 8 h/day

136 (9.29)

86 (7.36)

50 (16.86)

  

Sitting time (h/day, mean ± SD)

4.64 ± 2.30

4.51 ± 2.22

5.16 ± 2.52

−3.780

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)

24.60 ± 3.16

24.62 ± 3.07

24.51 ± 3.49

0.490

0.626

Frailty index (mean ± SD)

0.14 ± 0.07

0.11 ± 0.04

0.25 ± 0.06

−37.310

< 0.0001