From: Cervical cancer prevention in countries with the highest HIV prevalence: a review of policies
Country | Target age group [years] | Specifications for WLHIV | Entry point | Screening method | Available diagnostic procedures | Treatment of precancerous lesions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Botswana | 30–49 | NR | NR | VIA, Pap smear, HPV DNA | Colposcopy and histopathology | Cryotherapy, LEEP |
Eswatini | NR | NR | Integration into existing services recommended | VIA and Pap smear | Histopathologyb | Cryotherapy, LEEP, TAH |
Lesotho | 25–49 | Start at HIV diagnosis; Freq.—1 year | NR | VIA, VILI, Pap smear, HPV DNA testing | Not available | Cryotherapy, cold coagulation, LEEP |
Malawi | 25–49 | Start age 25 21–24 upon request Freq.—2 years | HIV clinic, SRH | VIA, Pap smear, HPV DNA testing | Histopathology | Cryotherapy, cold coagulation, surgery, LEEP |
Mozambique | NR | Screen all ages | Integration of HIV and CC screening services recommended | NRa | Histopathology | Cryotherapy, surgery |
Namibia | 25–50 | Start at age 20 | HIV clinics, ANC clinics | VIA, Pap smear, HPV DNA testing | Colposcopy and histopathology | Cryotherapy, LEEP, Thermocoagulation |
South Africa | 30–55 | Screen all ages | Family planning, HIV clinic | LBC, Pap smear, VIA, HPV DNA testing | Histopathology | LEEP, Cryotherapy for low-resource settings |
Zambia | 30–59 | Start age 25 | HIV clinic, MCH | VIA | Histopathology | Cryotherapy, LEEP |
Zimbabwe | 30–49 | Start at HIV diagnosis; Freq.—1 year | Family planning, maternity, Gynaecological clinics, HIV clinics | VIAC, Pap smearc | Histopathology | Cryotherapy, LEEP |