Table 1 Characteristics of study population
Variable | Total study population (N = 149,617) | 0 fast-food outlets within 1 km (N = 33,407) | 1 fast-food outlet within 1 km (N = 20,055) | ≥ 2 fast-food outlets within 1 km (N = 96,054) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (in years), mean (sd) | 44.8 (13.1) | 45.4 (11.9) | 45.1 (12.3) | 44.6 (13.6) |
Sex | ||||
Female, N (%) | 86,382 (57.7) | 19,078 (57.1) | 11,395 (56.8) | 55,848 (58.1) |
Partner status | ||||
Having a partner, N (%) | 124,696 (85.3) | 29,459 (90.1) | 17,526 (89.3) | 77,639 (82.8) |
Education | ||||
Low, N (%) | 42,644 (29.9) | 9,243 (28.7) | 6,124 (31.8) | 27,248 (29.9) |
Middle, N (%) | 57,192 (40.1) | 13,361 (41.5) | 7,962 (41.3) | 35,839 (39.3) |
High, N (%) | 42,845 (30.0) | 9,587 (29.8) | 5,177 (26.9) | 28,055 (30.8) |
Income, net euros per month, mean (sd) | 1,532 (581) | 1,548 (575) | 1,529 (559) | 1,527 (587) |
Occupational prestige score, median (IQR) | 43.3 (26.6–65.0) | 42.3 (26.0–65.0) | 41.3 (26.6–61.8) | 43.9 (26.6–65.0) |
Weekly working hours | ||||
0 (not working), N (%) | 4,712 (33.3) | 10,283 (31.8) | 6,107 (31.6) | 31,367 (34.2) |
1–11 h, N (%) | 4,839 (3.4) | 1,224 (3.8) | 741 (3.8) | 2,872 (3.1) |
12–19, N (%) | 9,496 (6.6) | 2,354 (7.3) | 1,460 (7.5) | 5,678 (6.2) |
20–31 h, N (%) | 25,705 (17.9) | 6,017 (18.6) | 3,629 (18.7) | 16,049 (17.5) |
≥32 h, N (%) | 55,782 (38.8) | 12,493 (38.6) | 7,418 (38.3) | 35,858 (39.1) |
Household size (total number of members in household), median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
Frequency of fast-food consumption | ||||
Never, N (%) | 57,817 (57.8) | 12,664 (58.9) | 7,510 (57.3) | 37,618 (57.6) |
Sometimes, N (%) | 36,272 (36.3) | 7,608 (35.4) | 4,797 (36.6) | 23,852 (36.5) |
Often, N (%) | 4,058 (4.1) | 848 (3.9) | 546 (4.2) | 2,663 (4.1) |
Always, N (%) | 1,808 (1.8) | 394 (1.8) | 258 (2.0) | 1,156 (1.8) |
Amount of fat intake, g/1000 kcal, mean (sd) | 38.5 (7.2) | 38.6 (7.5) | 38.7 (7.1) | 38.5 (7.1) |
Physical activity | ||||
Occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, in minutes per week, median (IQR) | 0 (0–30) | 0 (0–66) | 0 (0–79) | 0 (0–0) |
Non-occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, in minutes per week, median (IQR) | 210 (60–450) | 180 (30–420) | 180 (45–420) | 230 (70–460) |
Body Mass Index (in kg/m2), mean (sd) | 26.1 (4.3) | 26.0 (4.2) | 26.2 (4.3) | 26.1 (4.4) |
Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), N (%) | 58,500 (36.9) | 13,347 (40.0) | 8,080 (40.3) | 37,037 (38.6) |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0), N (%) | 23,395 (14.8) | 4,862 (14.6) | 3,249 (16.2) | 15,272 (15.9) |
Waist circumference in cm, mean (sd) | 90.2 (12.5) | 90.2 (12.1) | 90.8 (12.4) | 90.1 (12.7) |
Elevated waist circumference (≥ 88 cm for women or ≥ 102 cm for men) | 52,344 (35.0) | 11,313 (33.9) | 7,196 (35.9) | 33,798 (35.2) |
Waist-height ratio, mean (sd) | 0.52 (0.07) | 0.51 (0.07) | 0.52 (0.07) | 0.52 (0.07) |
Number of fast-food outlets within 1 km, median (IQR) | 3 (1–8) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (1–1) | 6 (3–12) |
Neighbourhood address density (addresses/km2), median (IQR) | 616 (208–1,155) | 103 (50–292) | 254 (144–573) | 939 (509–1,485) |
Neighbourhood socio-economic status (NSES), mean (sd)a | -0.01 (1.01) | 0.62 (0.73) | 0.25 (0.83) | -0.27 (1.00) |
Number of healthy food outlets within 1 km, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 4 (2–6) |
Number of physical activity facilities within 1 km, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–4) |