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Table 4 Odds Ratios explaining effects of religion on anaemia among women in India and Bangladesh: Result of logistic regression

From: Identifying risk factors in explaining women’s anaemia in limited resource areas: evidence from West Bengal of India and Bangladesh

Determinants

OR

Demographic and health factors

Age

  30& above ®

  Below 20

1.20 *(1.02 1.41)

  20–24

1.09 (0.95 1.15)

  25–29

0.93 (0.86 1.02)

Body Mass Index

  Normal ®

  Thin

1.25***(1.13 1.37)

  Overweight/obese

0.84***(0.76 0.94)

Current contraceptive method

  Female sterilization ®

  Not Using

0.97 (0.82 1.02)

  Pill/ injection/IUD

0.69***(0.61 0.78)

  Othersa

0.96 (0.80 1.04)

Children ever born

  No child ®

  1–2

1.30***(1.14 1.48)

  2 + 

1.35**(1.14 1.59)

Socioeconomic factors

Education

  Secondary ®

  Illiterate/primary

1.17***(1.06 1.28)

  Higher

1.01 (0.9 1.14)

Wealth

  Rich ®

  Poor

1.24***(1.10 1.41)

  Middle

1.05(0.93 1.18)

Source of drinking water

  Distributed water ®

  Groundwater

1.08***(1.02 1.13)

  Others

0.65 ***(0.56 0.75)

Practicing open defecation

  No ®

  Yes

1.34 ***(0.1.23 1.44)

Have agricultural land

  No ®

  Yes

1.19***(1.09 1.29)

Place of residence

  Urban ®

  Rural

1.04 (0.94 1.16)

Interaction of Country &Religion

 Bangladesh × Muslim ®

  Bangladesh × Hindu

1.58***(1.26 1.96)

  West Bengal × Hindu

2.85***(2.55 3.18)

  West Bengal × Muslim

1.93***(1.70 2.19)

  1. Reference category; ® and significant level; *p < 0.10. **p < 0.05. ***p < 0.01
  2. aOther category of Contraceptive use; condom, male sterilization, rhythm/periodic abstinence, withdrawal, lactational amenorrhea, female condom and foam or jelly