Table 1 Characteristics of the BCS70 participants included in analyses (maximum N = 7,617*)
Mean (SD) or N (%) a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Overall N a | Female (N = 3,922) | Male (N = 3,695) | p-value b |
Outcome | ||||
Max grip strength (kg) at age 46y c | 7,617 | 29.51 (5.83) | 48.03 (9.01) | < 0.001 |
Socioeconomic indicators | ||||
Father's occupational class at age 5y | 7,198 | 0.07 | ||
I Professional/II Intermediate | 1,059 (28.4) | 1,039 (29.9) | ||
III Skilled non-manual | 399 (10.7) | 390 (11.3) | ||
III Skilled manual | 1,584 (42.5) | 1,479 (42.6) | ||
IV Partly skilled/V Unskilled | 686 (18.4) | 562 (16.2) | ||
Mother's highest qualification at age 5y | 5,931 | 0.96 | ||
Higher vocational/degree and higher | 289 (9.4) | 276 (9.7) | ||
A-level/equivalent | 138 (4.5) | 134 (4.7) | ||
Vocational/O-level/equivalent | 1,095 (35.5) | 1,010 (35.4) | ||
No qualification | 1,557 (50.6) | 1,432 (50.2) | ||
Father's highest qualification at age 5y | 5,565 | 0.74 | ||
Higher vocational/degree and higher | 520 (18.1) | 512 (19.0) | ||
A-level/equivalent | 253 (8.8) | 221 (8.2) | ||
Vocational/O-level/equivalent | 845 (29.5) | 789 (29.2) | ||
No qualification | 1,252 (43.6) | 1,173 (43.5) | ||
Own occupational class at age 46y | 6,404 | < 0.001 | ||
I Professional/II Intermediate | 1,410 (45.4) | 1,614 (48.9) | ||
III Skilled non-manual | 997 (32.1) | 469 (14.2) | ||
III Skilled manual | 326 (10.5) | 959 (29.1) | ||
IV Partly skilled/V Unskilled | 372 (12.0) | 257 (7.8) | ||
Own highest qualification at age 46y | 7,512 | < 0.001 | ||
Degree and higher | 1,055 (27.2) | 923 (25.4) | ||
A-level and vocational qualification | 608 (15.7) | 467 (12.9) | ||
GCSEs | 1,243 (32.1) | 1,119 (30.8) | ||
No qualification | 973 (125.) | 1,124 (31.0) | ||
Covariates | ||||
Birth weight (kg) (Mean (SD)) | 7,046 | 3.26 (0.50) | 3.37 (0.53) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) at age 10y (Mean (SD)) | 6,016 | 16.93 (2.20) | 16.73 (1.90) | 0.025 |
Leisure-time physical activity at age 10y | 6,607 | < 0.001 | ||
Never or hardly ever | 365 (10.7) | 158 (4.9) | ||
Sometimes | 1,643 (48.3) | 920 (28.7) | ||
Often | 1,392 (40.9) | 2,129 (66.4) | ||
Sedentary behaviour (TV watching) at age 10y | 6,626 | < 0.001 | ||
Never or hardly ever | 49 (1.4) | 26 (0.8) | ||
Sometimes | 810 (23.7) | 512 (15.9) | ||
Often | 2,559 (74.8) | 2,670 (83.3) | ||
Disability at age 10y | 6,606 | 0.057 | ||
No | 3,203 (93.7) | 2,943 (92.3) | ||
Yes, slight | 195 (5.7) | 228 (7.1) | ||
Yes, severe | 19 (0.6) | 18 (0.6) | ||
Height (m) at age 46y (Mean (SD)) | 7,553 | 1.64 (0.06) | 1.77 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) at age 46y (Mean (SD)) | 7,387 | 28.22 (6.17) | 28.64 (4.63) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status at age 42y | 7,111 | 0.003 | ||
Never smoker | 1,776 (48.0) | 1,590 (46.6) | ||
Ex-smoker | 1,111 (30.0) | 966 (28.3) | ||
Current smoker (less than daily) | 210 (5.7) | 183 (5.4) | ||
Current smoker (daily) | 604 (16.3) | 671 (19.7) | ||
Sedentary behaviour (TV watching) at age 42y | 6,368 | < 0.001 | ||
0 to < 1 h | 624 (18.4) | 447 (15.0) | ||
1 to < 3 h | 1,976 (58.4) | 1,790 (60.0) | ||
3 to < 5 h | 621 (18.4) | 555 (18.6) | ||
5 + hours | 162 (4.8) | 193 (6.5) | ||
Leisure-time physical activity (days/week) at age 42y | 7,008 | < 0.001 | ||
0 days | 1,135 (31.1) | 809 (24.0) | ||
1 day per a week | 438 (12.0) | 390 (11.6) | ||
2 days per a week | 560 (15.4) | 482 (14.3) | ||
3 days per a week | 534 (14.6) | 506 (15.1) | ||
4/5 days per a week | 549 (15.1) | 661 (19.7) | ||
6/7 days per a week | 430 (11.8) | 514 (15.3) | ||
Occupational activity at age 46y | 6,291 | < 0.001 | ||
Sitting occupation | 1,756 (55.7) | 1,682 (53.6) | ||
Standing occupation | 635 (20.1) | 337 (10.7) | ||
Physical work | 733 (23.3) | 850 (27.1) | ||
Heavy manual work | 28 (0.9) | 270 (8.6) | ||