Table 2 Results of fully adjusted multilevel models for associations between HRB clustering and episodic memory trajectories by gender in the USA and England^a

Men

USA (N = 7354)

England (N = 3769)

Fixed effects

b (95%CI)

P-value

b (95%CI)

P-value

Intercept

11.79 (11.55, 12.02)

 < 0.001

12.07 (11.73, 12.41)

 < 0.001

Age

-0.07 (-0.08, -0.06)

 < 0.001

-0.15 (-0.17, -0.14)

 < 0.001

Age²

-0.0033 (-0.0037, -0.0028)

 < 0.001

-0.006 (-0.007, -0.004)

 < 0.001

HRB clusters

 Multi-HRB cluster

Reference

Reference

 Inactive cluster

-0.18 (-0.33, -0.04)

0.010

-0.87 (-1.15, -0.59)

 < 0.001

 Smoking cluster

-0.33 (-0.47, -0.20)

 < 0.001

-

-

Interactions: HRB clustering x age

 Inactive cluster

0.01 (0.001, 0.03)

0.029

-0.003 (-0.03, 0.02)

0.789

 Smoking cluster

-0.005 (-0.02, 0.01)

0.372

-

Random effects

S.D. (95%CIs)

S.D. (95%CIs)

Level 1: residual

2.23 (2.21, 2.25)

2.26 (2.21, 2.31)

Level 2: intercept

1.89 (1.84, 1.95)

2.14 (2.05, 2.23)

Level 2: age

0.02 (0.003, 0.11)

0.08 (0.06, 0.10)

Women

USA (N = 10,396)

England (N = 4722)

Fixed effects

b (95%CIs)

P-values

b (95%CIs)

P-values

Intercept

12.57 (12.34, 12.80)

 < 0.001

13.15 (12.73, 13.57)

 < 0.001

Age

-0.11 (-0.12, -0.10)

 < 0.001

-0.14 (-0.16, -0.13)

 < 0.001

Age²

-0.0042 (-0.0046, -0.0038)

 < 0.001

-0.006 (-0.007, -0.005)

 < 0.001

HRB clustering

 Multi-HRB cluster

Reference

Reference

 Inactive cluster

-0.12 (-0.24, -0.001)

0.048

0.07 (-0.15, 0.29)

0.523

 Ex-smoking cluster

0.42 (0.31, 0.53)

 < 0.001

-1.36 (-1.67, -1.06)

 < 0.001

Interactions: HRB clustering x age

 Inactive cluster

-0.003 (-0.01, 0.01)

0.564

0.003 (-0.02, 0.02)

0.776

 Ex-smoking cluster

0.003 (-0.007, 0.01)

0.543

-0.03 (-0.05, 0.001)

0.058

Random effects

S.D. (95%CIs)

S.D. (95%CIs)

Level 1: residual

2.35 (2.33, 2.37)

2.32 (2.27, 2.38)

Level 2: intercept

1.90 (1.85, 1.95)

2.26 (2.16, 2.36)

Level 2: age

0.05 (0.04, 0.07)

0.05 (0.02, 0.10)