Table 1 Included studies by country and exploration of drowning by epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies

Eastern Mediterranean Region

–

3 studies [3, 82, 83]

4.2%

Afghanistan

Low income

1 study [79]

1.4%

Bahrain

High income

3 studies [30, 84, 85]

4.2%

Djibouti

Lower middle income

–

–

Egypt

Lower middle income

4 studies [80, 81, 86, 87]

5.6%

Iran

Lower middle income

27 studies [33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59]

37.5%

Iraq

Upper middle income

3 studies [79, 88, 89]

4.2%

Jordan

Upper middle income

3 studies [90,91,92]

4.2%

Kuwait

High income

–

–

Lebanon

Upper middle income

1 study [81]

1.4%

Libya

Upper middle income

–

–

Morocco

Lower middle income

1 study [80]

1.4%

Oman

High income

–

–

Palestine

Lower middle income^a

2 studies [81, 93]

2.8%

Pakistan

Lower middle income

10 studies [69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78]

13.9%

Qatar

High income

3 studies [94,95,96]

4.2%

Saudia Arabia

High income

11 studies [31, 32, 60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68]

15.3%

Somalia

Low income

–

–

Sudan

Low income

1 study [29]

1.4%

Syria

Low income

–

–

Tunisia

Lower middle income

2 studies [81, 97]

2.8%

United Arab Emirates

High income

2 studies [98, 99]

2.8%

Yemen

Low income

–

–