Fig. 5

Minimally (A) and country-specific fully (B) adjusted odds ratios of repeat birth for married mothers versus unmarried mothers within maternal age group in Brazil, Ecuador, USA, and Canada. ^†Adjusted for year of birth. ^‡Brazil: Adjusted for year of birth, paternal age, maternal race, state, and age-appropriate low education. Ecuador: Adjusted for year of birth, maternal ethnicity, foreign-born mother, maternal literacy, and maternal region of residence and rurality. USA: Adjusted for year of birth, paternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, foreign-born mother, received WIC during pregnancy, and delivery primarily paid by Medicaid. Canada: Adjusted for year of birth, paternal age, foreign-born mother, foreign-born father, province/territory of birth, reside in rural or urban area, and area-level income quintiles. ***p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 for difference in odds ratios between married and unmarried mothers within age group