Characteristic | |
---|---|
Year of publication (mean) | 2017 (1997 to 2021) |
• Published within 5 years | • 10 (53%) |
• Published within 10 years | • 15 (79%) |
Sample information | |
• No. of samples included (mean; median) | • 285; 42.0 |
• Range of samples included (min; max) | • 8; 2818 |
• Cumulative sample size | • 5,413 |
Study design | |
• Retrospective database analysis | • 1 (5%) |
• Nonclinical laboratory studies | • 18 (95%) |
No. of included studies presenting | |
• Anabolic agents (S1) | • 17 (89%) |
• Mixed samples | • 2 (11%) |
No. of WHO regions and countries included | |
WHO Region of the Americas (AMR) | 7 (37%) |
• Brazil | • 7 (100%) |
European Region (EUR) | 12 (63%) |
• Switzerland | • 1 (8.3%) |
• France | • 1 (8.3%) |
• Italy | • 2 (16.7%) |
• Germany | • 3 (25%) |
• United Kingdom | • 1 (8.3%) |
• Czech Republic/Slovakia | • 2 (16.7%) |
• Belgium | • 1 (8.3%) |
• Austria | • 1 (8.3%) |
Sample collection methods | |
• Seized compounds by authorities | • 14 (74%) |
• Bought directly from the black market | • 4 (21%) |
• Received directly from gyms and users | • 1 (5%) |
Articles presenting outcomes | |
Counterfeit substances | 18 (95%) |
• Inert substances | • 10 (56%) |
• Substituted substances | • 10 (56%) |
• Adulterated substances | • 9 (50%) |
Substandard substances | 8 (41%) |
• Over-concentrated | • 4 (50%) |
• Under-concentrated | • 4 (50%) |
Original substances | |
• Qualitative analysis only | • 18 (95%) |
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis | • 7 (37%) |