Prevalence and risk factors analysis for low back pain among occupational groups in key industries of China

Jia, Ning; Zhang, Meibian; Zhang, Huadong; Ling, Ruijie; Liu, Yimin; Li, Gang; Yin, Yan; Shao, Hua; Zhang, Hengdong; Qiu, Bing; Li, Dongxia; Wang, Dayu; Zeng, Qiang; Wang, Rugang; Chen, Jianchao; Zhang, Danying; Mei, Liangying; Fang, Xinglin; Liu, Yongquan; Liu, Jixiang; Zhang, Chengyun; Li, Tianlai; Xu, Qing; Qu, Ying; Zhang, Xueyan; Sun, Xin; Wang, Zhongxu

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13730-8

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Univariate analysis of low back pain among occupational groups in key industries in China, 2018–2020

From: Prevalence and risk factors analysis for low back pain among occupational groups in key industries of China

Variables		Low Back Pain
Variables	Number of workers	Case	Percentage (%)	*COR(95% CI)*
Individual risk factors
Gender
Men	37,240	5514	14.8	1
Women	20,261	3935	19.4	1.387(1.326–1.451)^*
Age (years)
<25	12,085	1462	12.1	1
25-	26,139	4577	17.5	1.542(1.448–1.643) ^*
35-	12,301	2238	18.2	1.616(1.505–1.735) ^*
45-	5802	964	16.6	1.448(1.326–1.581) ^*
55-	1174	208	17.7	1.565(1.334–1.835) ^*
Working age (years)
<2	16,061	1886	11.7	1
2-	12,072	1857	15.4	1.366(1.275–1.464) ^*
4-	7299	1292	17.7	1.617(1.497–1.746) ^*
6-	9717	1853	19.1	1.771(1.652–1.899) ^*
8-	12,352	2561	20.7	1.966(1.843–2.098) ^*
Education level
Junior high school	15,369	2225	14.5	1
Senior high school	21,901	3399	15.5	1.085(1.024–1.150) ^*
University degree	19,231	3626	18.9	1.373(1.296–1.454) ^*
Graduate degree	1000	199	19.9	1.468(1.249–1.725) ^*
Body mass index (BMI)
<18.5	6006	908	15.1	1
18.5-	39,328	6414	16.3	1.094(1.015–1.180) ^*
25-	12,167	2127	17.5	1.189(1.093–1.295) ^*
Smoking
No	36,527	6074	16.6	1
Occasionally	10,111	1453	14.4	0.841(0.791–0.895) ^*
Frequently	10,863	1922	17.7	1.078(1.019–1.140) ^*
physical exercise
No	17,947	3375	18.8	1
Occasionally	32,797	5116	15.6	0.798(0.761–0.837) ^*
Frequently	6757	958	14.2	0.713(0.660–0.771) ^*
Workplace risk factor
Standing often at work
No	8758	1284	14.7	1
Yes	48,743	8165	16.8	1.171(1.099–1.248) ^*
Sitting often at work
No	25,385	4134	16.3	1
Yes	32,116	5315	16.5	1.019(0.975–1.066)
Squatting or kneeling often at work
No	33,942	4750	14.0	1
Yes	23,559	4699	19.9	1.531(1.465–1.601) ^*
Lift heavy loads (more than 5 kg) kg)
No	21,719	2787	12.8	1
Yes	35,782	6662	18.6	1.554(1.481–1.630) ^*
Lift heavy loads (more than 20 kg) kg)
No	33,670	4669	13.9	1
Yes	23,831	4780	20.1	1.558(1.491–1.629) ^*
Use vibration tools at work
No	35,673	5267	14.8	1
Yes	21,828	4182	19.2	1.368(1.308–1.431) ^*
Working in the same postures at a high pace
No	11,044	970	8.8	1
Yes	46,457	8479	18.3	2.319(2.162–2.487) ^*
Trunk posture
Trunk straight	18,566	2001	10.8	1
Bend slightly with your trunk	31,361	5364	17.1	1.708(1.617–1.805) ^*
Bend heavily with your trunk	7574	2084	27.5	3.142(2.934–3.365) ^*
Always turn round with your trunk
No	20,584	2592	12.6	1
Yes	36,917	6857	18.6	1.583(1.508–1.663) ^*
Always bend and twist with your trunk
No	33,046	4069	12.3	1
Yes	24,455	5380	22.0	2.009(1.921–2.100) ^*
Always make the same movements with your trunk
No	27,365	2882	10.5	1
Yes	30,136	6567	21.8	2.367(2.258–2.482) ^*
Work in bent posture for a prolonged time
No	17,966	2777	15.5	1
Yes	39,535	6672	16.9	1.110(1.058–1.165) ^*
Work organization factors
Often work overtime
No	24,830	3385	13.6	1
Yes	32,671	6064	18.6	1.444(1.379–1.511) ^*
Abundant resting time
No	31,483	6766	21.5	1
Yes	26,018	2683	10.3	0.420(0.400–0.441) ^*
Decide the rest time independently
No	47,308	8015	16.9	1
Yes	10,193	1434	14.1	0.803(0.755–0.853) ^*
Staff shortage
No	31,477	4123	13.1	1
Yes	26,024	5326	20.5	1.707(1.633–1.785) ^*
Do the same job almost every day
No	7009	716	10.2	1
Yes	50,492	8733	17.3	1.838(1.696–1.992) ^*
Take turns with colleagues to finish the work
No	28,980	4944	17.1	1
Yes	28,521	4505	15.8	0.912(0.873–0.953) ^*

LBP Low back pain; Crude odds ratio; CI confidence interval; ^*:P < 0.05

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