Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants (n = 414)
Occurrence of anaemia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (N = 101) | No (N = 313) | Total (N = 414) | p value | |
Sex | 0.215 | |||
Female | 49 (21.8%) | 176 (78.2%) | 225 | |
Male | 52 (27.5%) | 137 (72.5%) | 189 | |
Age (months) | < 0.001 | |||
Median (IQR) | 36 [29.5–45.1] | 46.4 [36.6–53.2] | 43.9 [33.3–52.3] | |
Stunting | 0.006 | |||
Yes | 58 (31.0%) | 129 (69.0%) | 187 | |
No | 43 (19.0%) | 184 (81.0%) | 227 | |
History of acute malnutrition | 0.069 | |||
Yes | 5 (50.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 10 | |
No | 96 (23.7%) | 308 (76.3%) | 404 | |
Clogged nose | 0.595 | |||
Yes | 56 (25.7%) | 162 (74.3%) | 218 | |
No | 45 (23.0%) | 151 (77.0%) | 196 | |
Runny nose | 1 | |||
Yes | 64 (24.4%) | 198 (75.6%) | 262 | |
No | 37 (24.3%) | 115 (75.7%) | 152 | |
Dental caries | 0.097 | |||
Yes | 31 (19.6%) | 127 (80.4%) | 158 | |
No | 70 (27.3%) | 186 (72.7%) | 256 | |
Dermatitis | 0.940 | |||
Yes | 7 (27.0%) | 19 (73.0%) | 26 | |
No | 94 (24.2%) | 294 (75.8%) | ||
Cough | 1 | |||
Yes | 37 (24.5%) | 114 (75.5%) | 151 | |
No | 64 (24.3%) | 199 (75.8%) | 263 | |
Dietary diversity score | 1 | |||
Low | 37 (24.7%) | 113 (75.3%) | 150 | |
Adequate | 64 (19.5%) | 200 (80.5%) | 264 | |
Weaning age | 0.856 | |||
≤ 12 mo | 8 (19.5%) | 33 (80.5%) | 41 | |
12–24 mo | 19 (23.2%) | 63 (76.8%) | 82 | |
≥ 24 mo | 60 (23.4%) | 196 (76.6%) | 256 | |
Missing data | 14 | 21 | 35 | |
Age at the introduction of first food | 0.733 | |||
< 6 mo | 32 (23.0%) | 107 (77.0%) | 139 | |
≥ 6 mo | 68 (25.1%) | 203 (74.9%) | 271 | |
Missing data | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
Mother’s nutritional status | 0.740 | |||
Not underweight | 85 (32.5%) | 258 (67.5%) | 261 | |
Underweight | 14 (24.5%) | 43 (75.5%) | 75 | |
Missing data | 2 | 12 | 14 | |
Intestinal carriage of at least one parasite | 0.795 | |||
Yes | 85 (23.5%) | 274 (76.5%) | 359 | |
No | 13 (26.5%) | 36 (73.5%) | 49 | |
Presence of Entamoeba histolytica | 0.080 | |||
No | 68 (21.4%) | 249 (78.5%) | 317 | |
Yes | 20 (32.8%) | 41 (67.2%) | 61 | |
Missing data | 13 | 23 | 36 | |
Faecal anti-trypsin | 0.960 | |||
Normal | 72 (24.0%) | 227 (76.0%) | 299 | |
Elevated | 17 (23.0%) | 57 (77.0%) | 74 | |
Missing data | 12 | 29 | 41 | |
Faecal calprotectin | 0.001 | |||
Normal | 43 (23.7%) | 196 (76.3%) | 239 | |
Too high | 45 (33.8%) | 88 (66.2%) | 133 | |
Missing data | 13 | 29 | 42 | |
Blood level of citrulline | 0.284 | |||
Too low | 1 (20.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 5 | |
Normal | 96 (25.0%) | 288 (75.0%) | 384 | |
Too high | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (100%) | 8 | |
Missing data | 4 | 13 | 17 | |
Iron deficiency | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 52 (58.4%) | 37 (41.6%) | 89 | |
No | 48 (14.9%) | 275 (85.1%) | 323 | |
Missing data | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Household socioeconomic level | 0.506 | |||
Low | 72 (26.2%) | 203 (73.8%) | 275 | |
Middle | 26 (21.0%) | 98 (79.0%) | 124 | |
High | 3 (20.0%) | 12 (80.0%) | 15 | |