Racial inequalities in multimorbidity: baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Models for the association between race/skin colour and multimorbidity at different cutoffs, ELSA-Brasil baseline

Multimorbidity cutoff^a	Crude PR (95% CI)	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Final Model^d
Multimorbidity cutoff^a	Crude PR (95% CI)	PR (95% CI)	PR (95% CI)	PR (95% CI)	p Value^e
≥ 2 morbidities
Mixed-race	1.03 (1.01–1.06)**	1.04 (1.01–1.06)**	1.05 (1.03–1.08)***	1.06 (1.03–1.08)***	0.722
Black	1.09 (1.06–1.12)***	1.08 (1.05–1.11)***	1.10 (1.07–1.13)***	1.09 (1.06–1.12)***
AIC	17 173	17 068	16 566	16 454
≥ 3 morbidities
Mixed-race	1.04 (1.00–1.08)	1.04 (1.002–1.09)*	1.08 (1.04–1.12)***	1.09 (1.04–1.13)***	0.282
Black	1.18 (1.13–1.23)***	1.16 (1.11–1.22)***	1.21 (1.15–1.26)***	1.19 (1.14–1.25)***
AIC	19 413	19 264	18 734	18 572
≥ 4 morbidities
Mixed-race	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	1.07 (1.003–1.14)*	1.13 (1.06–1.21)***	1.14 (1.06–1.22)***	0.223
Black	1.31 (1.22–1.41)***	1.28 (1.20–1.38)***	1.37 (1.28–1.48)***	1.34 (1.25–1.44)***
AIC	16 006	15 836	15 417	15 231
≥ 5 morbidities
Mixed-race	1.06 (0.95–1.17)	1.07 (0.96–1.18)	1.15 (1.04–1.28)**	1.16 (1.04–1.28)**	0.132
Black	1.37 (1.23–1.54)***	1.33 (1.19–1.49)***	1.46 (1.30–1.64)***	1.41 (1.26–1.59)***
AIC	10 510	10 401	10 079	9960
≥ 6 morbidities
Mixed-race	1.15 (0.98–1.35)	1.17 (0.99–1.37)	1.27 (1.07–1.49)**	1.27 (1.07–1.50)**	0.921
Black	1.45 (1.21–1.74)***	1.39 (1.16–1.67)***	1.55 (1.29–1.86)***	1.47 (1.22–1.76)***
AIC	5793	5696	5580	5477

PR prevalence ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, AIC Akaike Information Criterion
^aReference category in all models: race/skin colour white
^bModel 1: adjusted for sex
^cModel 2: adjusted for age
^dFinal Model: adjusted for sex and age
^ep value for Hosmer–Lemeshow test for loss of quality in Final Model fit
Significance: *** p value ≤ 0.001; ** 0.001 < p value ≤ 0.01; * 0.01 < p value < 0.05

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