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Table 4 Effects of exposure to glyphosate on lung function after glyphosate application (N = 180)

From: Effects of exposure to glyphosate on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung function in maize farmers, Northern Thailand

Factors

FEV1

FVC

FEV1/FVC

PEF

FEF25-75%

β

95% CI

β

95% CI

β

95% CI

β

95% CI

β

95% CI

Age (year)

-0.000

-0.003, 0.002

0.000

-0.003, 0.003

-0.001

-0.002, 0.000

0.006

-0.008, 0.020

-0.003

-0.009, 0.002

Gender (male vs female (ref.))

-0.087

-0.125, -0.049**

-0.004

-0.060, 0.052

-0.022

-0.044, 0.000

-0.565

-0.805, -0.325**

-0.065

-0.159, 0.030

Education (primary school vs secondary school or higher (ref.))

-0.000

-0.042, 0.041

0.004

-0.058, 0.065

-0.013

-0.037, 0.011

-0.054

-0.317, 0.208

0.068

-0.036, 0.171

BMI (kg/m2)

0.002

-0.003, 0.007

-0.005

-0.012, 0.002

0.003

-0.000, 0.005

0.015

-0.016, 0.045

-0.005

-0.017, 0.007

Smoking status (yes vs no (ref.))

0.028

-0.028, 0.084

-0.016

-0.099, 0.067

0.032

-0.001, 0.065

0.052

-0.303, 0.407

-0.025

-0.165, 0.116

Respiratory diseases (yes vs no (ref.))

-0.035

-0.081, 0.010

0.013

-0.054, 0.080

-0.019

-0.045, 0.007

-0.147

-0.435, 0.141

-0.045

-0.158, 0.069

Urinary glyphosate levels (μg/g creatinine)

-0.134

-0.168, -0.100**

0.009

-0.042, 0.059

-0.062

-0.082, -0.042**

-0.952

-1.169, -0.735**

-0.015

-0.100, 0.071

  1. FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC Forced vital capacity, PEF Peak expiratory flow, FEF25-75% Forced expiratory flow 25–75%, β Beta, 95% CI 95% confidence interval. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01