Table 4 Contributors and challenges by level of implementation involvement

(n = 24)

(n = 56)

(n = 767)

Internal contributors (chi-square: 9.22; p:0.162)

 Individual characteristics

16.7 (6.3–37.5)

21.4 (12.5–34.2)

18.3 (15.7–21.2)

 Organizational settings

4.17 (0.6–25.2)

23.2 (13.9–36.1)

17.5 (14.9–20.3)

 Polio program characteristics

33.3 (17.3–54.4)

12.5 (6.0–24.1)

15.7 (13.2–18.4)

 Process of conducting activities

45.8 (27.1–65.8)

42.9 (30.5–56.1)

48.6 (45.1–52.2)

External contributors (chi-square: 5.82; p:0.667)

 Political environment

25 (11.5–46.2)

19.6 (11.2–32.2)

26.8 (23.7–30.0)

 Economic environment

25 (11.5–46.2)

25 (15.3–38.1)

19.3 (16.6–22.3)

 Social environment

41.7(23.7–62.1)

39.3 (27.3–52.7)

42.6 (39.2–46.2)

 Technological environment

8.3 (2.0–28.6)

10.7 (4.9–22.0)

9.3 (7.4–11.6)

Implementation challenges (chi-square: 8.60; p = 0.377)

 Individual challenges

18.2 (6.8–40.3)

13.2 (6.4–25.4)

9.4 (7.5–11.7)

 Organizational challenges

0

7.6 (2.8–18.6)

7.7 (6.0–9.8)

 GPEI-related challenges

0

5.7 (1.8–16.3)

4.4 (3.1–6.1)

 Implementation challenges

9.1(2.2–30.7)

24.5 (14.7–38.0)

22.8 (19.9–26.0)

 External challenges

72.7 (50.5–87.5)

49.1 (35.8–62.4)

55.7 (52.1–59.2)