Table 2 Prevalence of DBM by demographic, socio-economic and health related variables over the survey years
Variables and their Categories | Year | Overall | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 2011 | 2014 | 2017 | ||||
Mode of Delivery | C-section | 7.0 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 8.2 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 1.9 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 3.5 | ||
Current Breastfeeding status | Yes | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 4.1 | < 0.001 |
No | 5.2 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 12.0 | 7.9 | ||
Division | Barisal | 1.9 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 0.007 |
Chattogram | 1.9 | 3.7 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 5.5 | ||
Dhaka | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 4.9 | ||
Khulna | 1.9 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 4.7 | 4.3 | ||
Rajshahi | 3.5 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 4.3 | ||
Sylhet | 1.6 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 3.2 | ||
Place of Residence | Rural | 1.5 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Urban | 4.1 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 6.3 | ||
Wealth Index | Poor | 0.7 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 2.4 | < 0.001 |
Middle | 1.5 | 2.3 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 4.4 | ||
Rich | 4.4 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 6.7 | < 0.001 | |
Media Exposure | Yes | 3.3 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 5.4 | < 0.001 |
No | 0.9 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 3.0 | ||
Mother’s Educational Level | No education | 0.9 | 1.5 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Primary | 1.5 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 3.4 | ||
Secondary | 3.4 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 7.1 | 5.2 | ||
Higher | 5.9 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 6.6 | ||
Father’s Educational Level | No education | 1.1 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 2.9 | < 0.001 |
Primary | 2.7 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 4.9 | ||
Secondary | 3.2 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 9.4 | 6.4 | ||
Higher | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.9 | ||
Mother’s Working Status | Yes | 1.8 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 0.567 |
No | 2.6 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 4.5 | ||
Mother’s Decision-making Capacity | Yes | 2.5 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 5.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 4.6 | 3.0 | ||
Attitude towards Violence | Yes | 1.3 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 0.001 |
No | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 4.9 | ||
Mother’s Age | 15 to 24 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Greater than 24 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 9.2 | 6.7 | ||
Received ANC | Yes | 3.1 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 5.3 | < 0.001 |
No | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | ||
Initiation of Breastfeeding | Within 1 h | 2.7 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 5.0 | 0.007 |
After 1 h | 2.1 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 4.1 | ||
Wanted Child | Yes | 2.7 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 0.300 |
No | 1.8 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 4.2 | ||
Child’s Sex | Female | 2.6 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 0.870 |
Male | 2.3 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 4.6 | ||
Birth Order | First birth | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 3.4 | < 0.001 |
Otherwise | 2.3 | 3.9 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 5.2 | ||
Child’s Age | < 18 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.5 | < 0.001 |
18 + | 2.6 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 9.0 | 5.9 | ||
Vitamin A consumption | Yes | 2.8 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 5.1 | < 0.001 |
No | 1.9 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 3.7 | ||