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Table 3 Single-factor analysis of attitudes toward death among community-dwelling older adults

From: Influencing factors of attitudes towards death and demands for death education among community-dwelling Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study

Groups

FD

DA

NAD

AAD

EAD

Gender

 Male

18.97 ± 5.24

14.62 ± 3.68

16.51 ± 3.92

27.55 ± 6.92

14.17 ± 3.68

 Female

19.33 ± 5.04

14.77 ± 3.46

16.93 ± 3.45

28.65 ± 6.74

14.35 ± 3.49

 Z/X2

0.51

0.15

1.23

3.19

0.01

 P

0.48

0.70

0.27

0.07

0.93

Age (years)

 60–69

19.08 ± 5.30

14.70 ± 3.59

17.22 ± 3.68

28.11 ± 6.92

14.08 ± 3.82

 70–79

19.02 ± 4.96

14.82 ± 3.52

16.65 ± 3.71

27.82 ± 7.00

14.30 ± 3.38

 Over 80

19.53 ± 5.12

14.56 ± 3.58

16.27 ± 3.49

28.83 ± 6.43

14.52 ± 3.48

 Z/X2

0.29

0.22

0.95

12.72

2.70

 P

0.87

0.90

0.62

 < 0.01

0.26

Ethnicity

 Han

19.17 ± 5.13

14.71 ± 3.56

16.76 ± 3.66

28.18 ± 6.84

14.27 ± 3.57

 Other minorities

20.20 ± 4.92

14.40 ± 3.44

16.20 ± 3.11

29.00 ± 6.56

14.80 ± 3.35

 Z/X2

0.01

0.39

0.42

0.13

0.00

 P

0.91

0.53

0.52

0.72

0.98

Religion

 Yes

19.87 ± 5.33

14.42 ± 3.93

17.39 ± 3.03

30.68 ± 6.82

14.32 ± 3.73

 No

19.17 ± 5.08

14.79 ± 3.47

16.71 ± 3.67

28.06 ± 6.80

14.30 ± 3.53

 Z/X2

0.27

0.41

0.997

2.67

0.03

 P

0.61

0.52

0.318

0.10

0.87

Marital Status

 Married

19.00 ± 5.24

14.69 ± 3.66

16.97 ± 3.78

28.05 ± 7.09

14.15 ± 3.74

 Unmarried

20.20 ± 4.49

15.20 ± 3.90

16.00 ± 3.94

26.60 ± 6.84

14.00 ± 3.81

 Divorced

20.16 ± 4.00

15.50 ± 2.45

15.91 ± 2.58

29.09 ± 4.58

14.75 ± 2.66

 Widowed

19.71 ± 4.99

14.64 ± 3.46

16.29 ± 3.37

28.53 ± 6.57

14.64 ± 3.13

 Remarried

16.17 ± 3.90

13.58 ± 3.23

16.50 ± 4.21

27.08 ± 4.91

13.42 ± 3.63

 Z/X2

10.24

1.88

9.43

1.98

2.15

 P

 < 0.05

0.76

0.05

0.74

0.71

Education

 Illiteracy

18.77 ± 4.42

14.00 ± 3.33

16.23 ± 3.02

28.40 ± 5.52

14.15 ± 3.28

 Primary

19.91 ± 4.83

14.91 ± 3.15

16.60 ± 3.06

28.70 ± 6.38

14.48 ± 3.10

 Junior

18.80 ± 5.39

14.84 ± 3.67

16.89 ± 3.59

27.96 ± 7.28

14.11 ± 3.77

 Senior / Secondary

18.47 ± 5.20

14.59 ± 4.02

17.01 ± 4.58

28.01 ± 7.50

14.41 ± 4.14

 College

18.59 ± 5.51

14.20 ± 3.88

16.53 ± 4.37

26.02 ± 6.80

13.51 ± 3.73

 Graduate

19.98 ± 4.57

14.74 ± 2.99

16.83 ± 3.27

28.88 ± 5.26

14.26 ± 2.67

 Z/X2

6.13

2.13

4.95

9.41

3.58

 P

0.29

0.83

0.42

0.10

0.61

Occupation types before retirement

 Agriculture

19.48 ± 4.94

14.59 ± 3.28

16.66 ± 2.88

28.44 ± 6.13

14.31 ± 3.26

 Industry

19.27 ± 5.18

14.76 ± 3.73

16.59 ± 3.93

28.25 ± 7.12

14.45 ± 3.71

 Government

20.08 ± 5.66

15.38 ± 3.81

17.81 ± 3.07

28.73 ± 6.70

13.69 ± 3.50

 Enterprise

17.58 ± 5.00

14.72 ± 3.39

17.03 ± 3.44

26.76 ± 7.27

13.54 ± 3.61

 Education

19.98 ± 4.49

14.70 ± 2.83

16.55 ± 3.62

29.48 ± 5.45

14.18 ± 3.02

 Medicine

17.94 ± 6.07

14.45 ± 4.47

17.55 ± 5.05

25.61 ± 8.09

14.52 ± 4.45

 Others

19.83 ± 4.99

14.17 ± 3.42

17.56 ± 2.98

30.61 ± 6.36

14.72 ± 3.53

 Z/X2

10.43

2.34

10.15

12.11

7.35

 P

0.11

0.89

0.12

0.06

0.29

Occupation types of adult children

  

 Agriculture

21.73 ± 4.18

15.07 ± 3.06

16.40 ± 3.09

30.93 ± 5.91

15.80 ± 2.73

 Industry

19.57 ± 5.20

14.60 ± 3.76

16.60 ± 3.86

28.61 ± 7.04

14.56 ± 3.76

 Government

19.80 ± 4.68

14.46 ± 3.32

17.43 ± 3.43

28.26 ± 5.95

13.34 ± 2.95

 Enterprise

18.47 ± 4.93

14.84 ± 3.49

17.22 ± 3.62

27.87 ± 6.46

14.27 ± 3.70

 Education

19.23 ± 5.37

15.42 ± 3.38

16.91 ± 3.06

28.03 ± 7.38

14.11 ± 3.45

 Medicine

18.70 ± 6.12

13.60 ± 3.93

17.02 ± 4.52

27.49 ± 7.51

13.72 ± 4.00

 Others

18.51 ± 4.89

14.53 ± 3.42

16.12 ± 3.59

27.16 ± 6.65

14.05 ± 3.24

 Z/X2

8.53

8.50

8.06

5.21

8.96

 P

0.20

0.20

0.23

0.52

0.18

Average income per month

 Under 150 $

19.94 ± 4.94

14.17 ± 3.54

16.11 ± 2.83

29.77 ± 4.77

15.06 ± 2.62

 150–449 $

19.36 ± 5.08

15.02 ± 3.23

16.71 ± 3.57

28.39 ± 6.77

14.50 ± 3.70

 450–749 $

19.19 ± 5.15

14.77 ± 3.74

16.77 ± 3.63

28.17 ± 6.90

14.43 ± 3.52

 Over 750 $

18.56 ± 5.18

14.20 ± 3.49

16.91 ± 4.04

27.51 ± 7.17

13.36 ± 3.53

 Z/X2

3.23

4.84

3.81

3.42

13.91

 P

0.36

0.18

0.28

0.33

 < 0.01

Self-care ability

 Totally by self-care

18.91 ± 5.25

14.62 ± 3.65

16.75 ± 3.77

28.05 ± 7.04

14.19 ± 3.63

 Need others help

20.43 ± 4.52

15.20 ± 3.16

17.26 ± 3.12

28.44 ± 6.01

14.51 ± 3.42

 Totally by others help

20.92 ± 2.22

15.31 ± 2.32

15.69 ± 2.50

31.08 ± 4.11

15.46 ± 3.07

 Z/X2

9.05

2.22

2.94

2.16

1.03

 P

 < 0.05

0.33

0.23

0.34

0.60

Number of deseases

 0

17.75 ± 5.50

13.76 ± 3.98

16.59 ± 4.09

26.97 ± 7.40

13.29 ± 3.74

 1

19.65 ± 5.01

14.99 ± 3.40

17.34 ± 3.19

28.62 ± 6.47

14.44 ± 3.34

 2

19.65 ± 5.10

15.85 ± 3.23

17.55 ± 2.98

28.99 ± 6.48

14.96 ± 3.42

  ≥ 3

19.42 ± 6.15

15.12 ± 3.61

17.81 ± 3.67

28.66 ± 7.15

15.36 ± 3.76

 Z/X2

7.96

15.85

2.71

4.225

14.55

 P

 < 0.05

 < 0.01

0.44

0.24

 < 0.01

Discussion about life and death

 Yes

19.75 ± 4.58

14.95 ± 3.21

17.40 ± 3.41

29.32 ± 6.34

14.98 ± 3.40

 No

18.73 ± 5.47

14.52 ± 3.79

16.25 ± 3.77

27.31 ± 7.07

13.74 ± 3.61

 Z/X2

5.04

0.69

12.81

13.31

17.61

 P

 < 0.05

0.41

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Experience of others death or dying

 Yes

19.26 ± 5.09

14.74 ± 3.50

16.85 ± 3.62

28.35 ± 6.76

14.36 ± 3.53

 No

18.22 ± 5.38

14.36 ± 4.09

15.72 ± 3.93

26.47 ± 7.46

13.43 ± 3.90

 Z/X2

1.58

0.07

4.45

2.86

2.28

 P

0.21

0.80

 < 0.05

0.09

0.13

  1. Note: Bonferroni correction has been done. FD Fear of Death, DA Death Avoidance, NAD Neutral Acceptance of Death, AAD Approach Acceptance of Death, EAD Escape Acceptance of Death