Groups | FD | DA | NAD | AAD | EAD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
 Male | 18.97 ± 5.24 | 14.62 ± 3.68 | 16.51 ± 3.92 | 27.55 ± 6.92 | 14.17 ± 3.68 |
 Female | 19.33 ± 5.04 | 14.77 ± 3.46 | 16.93 ± 3.45 | 28.65 ± 6.74 | 14.35 ± 3.49 |
 Z/X2 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 1.23 | 3.19 | 0.01 |
 P | 0.48 | 0.70 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.93 |
Age (years) | |||||
 60–69 | 19.08 ± 5.30 | 14.70 ± 3.59 | 17.22 ± 3.68 | 28.11 ± 6.92 | 14.08 ± 3.82 |
 70–79 | 19.02 ± 4.96 | 14.82 ± 3.52 | 16.65 ± 3.71 | 27.82 ± 7.00 | 14.30 ± 3.38 |
 Over 80 | 19.53 ± 5.12 | 14.56 ± 3.58 | 16.27 ± 3.49 | 28.83 ± 6.43 | 14.52 ± 3.48 |
 Z/X2 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.95 | 12.72 | 2.70 |
 P | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.62 |  < 0.01 | 0.26 |
Ethnicity | |||||
 Han | 19.17 ± 5.13 | 14.71 ± 3.56 | 16.76 ± 3.66 | 28.18 ± 6.84 | 14.27 ± 3.57 |
 Other minorities | 20.20 ± 4.92 | 14.40 ± 3.44 | 16.20 ± 3.11 | 29.00 ± 6.56 | 14.80 ± 3.35 |
 Z/X2 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
 P | 0.91 | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 0.98 |
Religion | |||||
 Yes | 19.87 ± 5.33 | 14.42 ± 3.93 | 17.39 ± 3.03 | 30.68 ± 6.82 | 14.32 ± 3.73 |
 No | 19.17 ± 5.08 | 14.79 ± 3.47 | 16.71 ± 3.67 | 28.06 ± 6.80 | 14.30 ± 3.53 |
 Z/X2 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.997 | 2.67 | 0.03 |
 P | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.318 | 0.10 | 0.87 |
Marital Status | |||||
 Married | 19.00 ± 5.24 | 14.69 ± 3.66 | 16.97 ± 3.78 | 28.05 ± 7.09 | 14.15 ± 3.74 |
 Unmarried | 20.20 ± 4.49 | 15.20 ± 3.90 | 16.00 ± 3.94 | 26.60 ± 6.84 | 14.00 ± 3.81 |
 Divorced | 20.16 ± 4.00 | 15.50 ± 2.45 | 15.91 ± 2.58 | 29.09 ± 4.58 | 14.75 ± 2.66 |
 Widowed | 19.71 ± 4.99 | 14.64 ± 3.46 | 16.29 ± 3.37 | 28.53 ± 6.57 | 14.64 ± 3.13 |
 Remarried | 16.17 ± 3.90 | 13.58 ± 3.23 | 16.50 ± 4.21 | 27.08 ± 4.91 | 13.42 ± 3.63 |
 Z/X2 | 10.24 | 1.88 | 9.43 | 1.98 | 2.15 |
 P |  < 0.05 | 0.76 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.71 |
Education | |||||
 Illiteracy | 18.77 ± 4.42 | 14.00 ± 3.33 | 16.23 ± 3.02 | 28.40 ± 5.52 | 14.15 ± 3.28 |
 Primary | 19.91 ± 4.83 | 14.91 ± 3.15 | 16.60 ± 3.06 | 28.70 ± 6.38 | 14.48 ± 3.10 |
 Junior | 18.80 ± 5.39 | 14.84 ± 3.67 | 16.89 ± 3.59 | 27.96 ± 7.28 | 14.11 ± 3.77 |
 Senior / Secondary | 18.47 ± 5.20 | 14.59 ± 4.02 | 17.01 ± 4.58 | 28.01 ± 7.50 | 14.41 ± 4.14 |
 College | 18.59 ± 5.51 | 14.20 ± 3.88 | 16.53 ± 4.37 | 26.02 ± 6.80 | 13.51 ± 3.73 |
 Graduate | 19.98 ± 4.57 | 14.74 ± 2.99 | 16.83 ± 3.27 | 28.88 ± 5.26 | 14.26 ± 2.67 |
 Z/X2 | 6.13 | 2.13 | 4.95 | 9.41 | 3.58 |
 P | 0.29 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.10 | 0.61 |
Occupation types before retirement | |||||
 Agriculture | 19.48 ± 4.94 | 14.59 ± 3.28 | 16.66 ± 2.88 | 28.44 ± 6.13 | 14.31 ± 3.26 |
 Industry | 19.27 ± 5.18 | 14.76 ± 3.73 | 16.59 ± 3.93 | 28.25 ± 7.12 | 14.45 ± 3.71 |
 Government | 20.08 ± 5.66 | 15.38 ± 3.81 | 17.81 ± 3.07 | 28.73 ± 6.70 | 13.69 ± 3.50 |
 Enterprise | 17.58 ± 5.00 | 14.72 ± 3.39 | 17.03 ± 3.44 | 26.76 ± 7.27 | 13.54 ± 3.61 |
 Education | 19.98 ± 4.49 | 14.70 ± 2.83 | 16.55 ± 3.62 | 29.48 ± 5.45 | 14.18 ± 3.02 |
 Medicine | 17.94 ± 6.07 | 14.45 ± 4.47 | 17.55 ± 5.05 | 25.61 ± 8.09 | 14.52 ± 4.45 |
 Others | 19.83 ± 4.99 | 14.17 ± 3.42 | 17.56 ± 2.98 | 30.61 ± 6.36 | 14.72 ± 3.53 |
 Z/X2 | 10.43 | 2.34 | 10.15 | 12.11 | 7.35 |
 P | 0.11 | 0.89 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.29 |
Occupation types of adult children | Â | Â | |||
 Agriculture | 21.73 ± 4.18 | 15.07 ± 3.06 | 16.40 ± 3.09 | 30.93 ± 5.91 | 15.80 ± 2.73 |
 Industry | 19.57 ± 5.20 | 14.60 ± 3.76 | 16.60 ± 3.86 | 28.61 ± 7.04 | 14.56 ± 3.76 |
 Government | 19.80 ± 4.68 | 14.46 ± 3.32 | 17.43 ± 3.43 | 28.26 ± 5.95 | 13.34 ± 2.95 |
 Enterprise | 18.47 ± 4.93 | 14.84 ± 3.49 | 17.22 ± 3.62 | 27.87 ± 6.46 | 14.27 ± 3.70 |
 Education | 19.23 ± 5.37 | 15.42 ± 3.38 | 16.91 ± 3.06 | 28.03 ± 7.38 | 14.11 ± 3.45 |
 Medicine | 18.70 ± 6.12 | 13.60 ± 3.93 | 17.02 ± 4.52 | 27.49 ± 7.51 | 13.72 ± 4.00 |
 Others | 18.51 ± 4.89 | 14.53 ± 3.42 | 16.12 ± 3.59 | 27.16 ± 6.65 | 14.05 ± 3.24 |
 Z/X2 | 8.53 | 8.50 | 8.06 | 5.21 | 8.96 |
 P | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.52 | 0.18 |
Average income per month | |||||
 Under 150 $ | 19.94 ± 4.94 | 14.17 ± 3.54 | 16.11 ± 2.83 | 29.77 ± 4.77 | 15.06 ± 2.62 |
 150–449 $ | 19.36 ± 5.08 | 15.02 ± 3.23 | 16.71 ± 3.57 | 28.39 ± 6.77 | 14.50 ± 3.70 |
 450–749 $ | 19.19 ± 5.15 | 14.77 ± 3.74 | 16.77 ± 3.63 | 28.17 ± 6.90 | 14.43 ± 3.52 |
 Over 750 $ | 18.56 ± 5.18 | 14.20 ± 3.49 | 16.91 ± 4.04 | 27.51 ± 7.17 | 13.36 ± 3.53 |
 Z/X2 | 3.23 | 4.84 | 3.81 | 3.42 | 13.91 |
 P | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.33 |  < 0.01 |
Self-care ability | |||||
 Totally by self-care | 18.91 ± 5.25 | 14.62 ± 3.65 | 16.75 ± 3.77 | 28.05 ± 7.04 | 14.19 ± 3.63 |
 Need others help | 20.43 ± 4.52 | 15.20 ± 3.16 | 17.26 ± 3.12 | 28.44 ± 6.01 | 14.51 ± 3.42 |
 Totally by others help | 20.92 ± 2.22 | 15.31 ± 2.32 | 15.69 ± 2.50 | 31.08 ± 4.11 | 15.46 ± 3.07 |
 Z/X2 | 9.05 | 2.22 | 2.94 | 2.16 | 1.03 |
 P |  < 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.60 |
Number of deseases | |||||
 0 | 17.75 ± 5.50 | 13.76 ± 3.98 | 16.59 ± 4.09 | 26.97 ± 7.40 | 13.29 ± 3.74 |
 1 | 19.65 ± 5.01 | 14.99 ± 3.40 | 17.34 ± 3.19 | 28.62 ± 6.47 | 14.44 ± 3.34 |
 2 | 19.65 ± 5.10 | 15.85 ± 3.23 | 17.55 ± 2.98 | 28.99 ± 6.48 | 14.96 ± 3.42 |
  ≥ 3 | 19.42 ± 6.15 | 15.12 ± 3.61 | 17.81 ± 3.67 | 28.66 ± 7.15 | 15.36 ± 3.76 |
 Z/X2 | 7.96 | 15.85 | 2.71 | 4.225 | 14.55 |
 P |  < 0.05 |  < 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.24 |  < 0.01 |
Discussion about life and death | |||||
 Yes | 19.75 ± 4.58 | 14.95 ± 3.21 | 17.40 ± 3.41 | 29.32 ± 6.34 | 14.98 ± 3.40 |
 No | 18.73 ± 5.47 | 14.52 ± 3.79 | 16.25 ± 3.77 | 27.31 ± 7.07 | 13.74 ± 3.61 |
 Z/X2 | 5.04 | 0.69 | 12.81 | 13.31 | 17.61 |
 P |  < 0.05 | 0.41 |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
Experience of others death or dying | |||||
 Yes | 19.26 ± 5.09 | 14.74 ± 3.50 | 16.85 ± 3.62 | 28.35 ± 6.76 | 14.36 ± 3.53 |
 No | 18.22 ± 5.38 | 14.36 ± 4.09 | 15.72 ± 3.93 | 26.47 ± 7.46 | 13.43 ± 3.90 |
 Z/X2 | 1.58 | 0.07 | 4.45 | 2.86 | 2.28 |
 P | 0.21 | 0.80 |  < 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.13 |