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Table 1 Characteristics of participants among four groups of drinking behavior change patterns (n = 4127)

From: Long-term drinking behavior change patterns and its association with hyperuricemia in chinese adults: evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

 

Drinking behavior change pattern

Total

P-value*

Never drinking

Change to be drinkers

Quit drinking

Keep drinking

Participants (n)

2187

424

532

984

4127

 

Age (years)

54.5 (± 11.1)

49.4 (± 12.2)

56.8 (± 11.1)

53.8 (± 10.4)

54.6 (± 11.3)

< 0.001

Male (%)

369 (16.9)

302 (71.2)

368 (69.2)

935 (95.0)

1974 (47.8)

< 0.001

Education (years)

     

< 0.001

  0

475 (21.7)

42 (9.9)

64 (12.1)

54 (5.5)

635 (15.4)

 

  1–6

805 (36.8)

122 (28.8)

187 (35.0)

311 (31.6)

1425 (34.5)

 

  7–9

607 (27.7)

171 (40.2)

176 (33.2)

376 (38.3)

1330 (32.1)

 

  10–12

180 (8.2)

47 (11.1)

60 (11.3)

143 (14.6)

430 (10.4)

 

  > 12

120 (5.5)

42 (9.9)

45 (8.5)

100 (10.2)

307 (7.4)

 

Rural (%)

1634 (74.7)

288 (67.9)

367 (69.0)

702 (71.3)

2991 (72.5)

0.003

Anthropometry parameters

      

  Waist (cm)

82 (± 10)

82 (± 10)

84 (± 10)

85 (± 10)

83 (± 10)

< 0.001

  Hip (cm)

94 (± 8)

94 (± 7)

94 (± 8)

94 (± 8)

94 (± 8)

0.531

  Obese WHR

1155 (54.4)

177 (42.9)

233 (45.5)

457 (48.3)

2022 (49.0)

< 0.001

  BMI (kg/m2)

     

0.002

   Lean (< 18.5)

129 (5.9)

26 (6.1)

22 (4.1)

41 (4.2)

218 (5.3)

 

   Normal (18.5–23.9)

1185 (54.2)

236 (55.7)

303 (57.0)

543 (55.2)

2267 (54.9)

 

   Overweight (24–27.9)

648 (29.6)

120 (28.3)

159 (29.9)

340 (34.6)

1267 (30.7)

 

   Obesity (≥ 28.0)

225 (10.3)

42 (9.9)

48 (9.0)

60 (6.1)

375 (9.1)

 

  Systolic BP (mm Hg)

125 (± 19)

122 (± 17)

126 (± 18)

126 (± 17)

125 (± 19)

0.010

  Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

80 (± 11)

80 (± 11)

81 (± 10)

83 (± 12)

81 (± 11)

< 0.001

  Hypertension

557 (29.4)

86 (22.7)

149 (34.1)

244 (29.6)

1036 (25.1)

0.005

  Diabetes

56 (2.6)

5 (1.2)

19 (3.6)

25 (2.5)

105 (2.5)

0.142

  Serum uric acid (mg/dL)

5 (± 2)

5 (± 2)

5 (± 2)

6 (± 2)

5 (± 2)

< 0.001

  Hyperuricemia

258 (11.8)

68 (16.0)

92 (17.3)

222 (22.6)

640 (15.5)

< 0.001

  Dyslipidemia

1314 (60.1)

236 (55.7)

327 (61.5)

619 (62.9)

2496 (60.5)

0.075

  eGFR (ml/ min/l.73m2)

68 (± 18)

83 (± 33)

79 (± 15)

83 (± 14)

81 (± 18)

< 0.001

History of MI

22 (1.0)

3 (0.7)

9 (1.7)

6 (0.6)

40 (1.0)

0.208

History of apoplexy

16 (0.7)

3 (0.7)

14 (2.6)

8 (0.8)

41 (1.0)

< 0.001

Health-related behavior

      

  Smoking status

     

< 0.001

   Never

1929 (88.2)

206 (48.6)

335 (63.0)

311 (31.6)

2781 (67.4)

 

   Ever

33 (1.5)

27 (6.4)

31 (5.8)

40 (4.1)

131 (3.2)

 

   Current

224 (10.3)

191 (45.1)

166 (31.2)

633 (64.3)

1214 (29.4)

 

  Tea intake

600 (27.4)

212 (50.0)

187 (35.2)

493 (50.1)

1492 (36.2)

< 0.001

  Coffee intake

25 (1.2)

16 (3.8)

7 (1.3)

18 (1.8)

66 (1.6)

0.001

  Total protein intake (g/day)

59 (± 18)

68 (± 18)

63 (± 19)

68 (± 18)

63 (± 19)

< 0.001

Physical activity level (METs/week)

     

0.870

  Low (< 49.6)

728 (33.3)

130 (30.7)

185 (34.8)

333 (33.8)

1376 (33.3)

 

  Medium (49.6 ~ 143.7)

729 (33.3)

150 (35.4)

168 (31.6)

328 (33.3)

1375 (33.3)

 

  High (> 143.7)

730 (33.4)

144 (34.0)

179 (33.7)

323 (32.8)

1376 (33.3)

 
  1. Abbreviation: BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MI myocardial infarction, SUA serum uric acid, WHR waist to hip circumference ratio. Data are presented as No. (%), mean ± SD or median (IQR)
  2. *P values were calculated by using T-test or Wilcoxon test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables
  3. 133 participants were not available for WHR; 591 participants were not available for hypertension; 31 participants were not available for drinking frequency; 9 participants were not available for coffee intake; 7 participants were not available for tea intake; 3 participants were not available for the history of myocardial infarction; 1 participant was not available for the history of apoplexy; 1 participant was not available for smoking status; 26 participants were not available for drinking frequency; 9 participants were not available for beer drinking; 10 participants were not available for wine drinking; 11 participants were not available for liquor drinking
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