Table 2 Summary on the main findings of each SGBP intervention (n = 35)

Davis et al., (2021) USA [30]

8–11 years old/ 16 schools (n = 3,135)

v

v

v

v

v

v

Parental lessons

Low

F intake: -

V intake: +*

SSB intake (reduction): -

Barnard et al., (2020) USA [31]

2–19 years old/ 4 schools (n = 4,300)

v

v

v

v

Carrot camp; sprout scout

Unclear

Willingness to try F: -

Willingness to try V: -

F intake: -

V intake: -

Willing to discuss what have learnt at home: -

Kim et al., (2020) South Korea [32]

Average age: 11.6 (± 1.5) years old/ 2 schools (n = 202)

v

v

v

v

Unclear

Gardening knowledge: +***

Nutrition knowledge: +***

Preference for V: +***

V intake: +***

Willingness to try new food/ reduction in Food neophobia: +***

Dietary self-efficacy: +***

Outcome expectancies: +***

Schreinemachers et al., (2020) Nepal [33]

8–12 years old/ 30 schools (n = 779)

v

v

v

v

v

Low

Food and nutritional knowledge: -

Agriculture knowledge: -

Attitude towards V: +*

Healthy food practise: +***

V intake (Oct-Dec): -

V intake (Jan-Mar): +*

V intake (Apr-Jun): -

Shrestha et al., (2020) Nepal [34]

8–17 years old/ 12 schools (n = 682)

v

v

Low

Nutrition knowledge: -

V intake: -

F availability (home): -

V availability (home): -

van den Berg et al., (2020) USA [35]

8–9 years old/ 28 low-income schools (n = 1,326)

v

v

v

v

Low

Nutrition knowledge: +***

Preference for V: +***

V tasted: + ***

V intake: -

V availability (home): -

Khan et al., (2019) UK [36]

9–10 years old/ 1 school

(n = 60)

v

v

v

Meat-Free Monday session on children’s healthy eating, physical activity

Low

Nutrition and plant science knowledge: -

Attitude towards F&V consumption: -

Preference for F&V: -

F intake: -

V intake: -

Landry et al., (2019) USA [37]

8–11 years old / 4 schools (n = 290)

v

v

v

v

Low

Increase in cooking:

V intake: +*

Dietary fibre intake: +**

Increase in gardening:

Dietary fibre intake: +*

Massarani et al., (2019) Rio de Janeiro [38]

11–12 years old/ 1 school

(n = 89)

v

v

v

v

v

Unclear

F intake: -

V intake: -

Ultra-processed foods intake (reduction): -

Nele Huys et al., (2019) Ghent [39]

10–12 years old/ 17 schools (n = 551)

v

v

Low

Nutrition knowledge: +*

Attitude towards F&V: -

V intake: -

Self-efficacy: -

Schreinemachers et al., (2019) Burkina Faso [40]

8–14 years old/ 30 schools (n = 1,760)

v

v

v

v

Local farmers & community members in school garden

Low

Food, nutrition & agriculture knowledge: +*

Preference and attitude towards F: -

Preference and attitude towards V: -

F intake: -

V intake: -

F variety: -

V variety: -

Leuven et al., (2018) Netherlands [41]

10–12 years old/ 3 schools

(n = 150)

v

v

v

Unclear

V knowledge (short term): +***

V knowledge (long term): +***

Preference for V: +*

Taylor et al., (2018) USA [42]

9–10 years old/ 2 schools (n = 294)

v

v

v

v

v

Take-home activities; family newsletters; a health fair; school site-specific wellness committees

Low

F intake: -

V intake: +**

F variety: -

V variety: +**

Wells et al., (2018) USA [43]

7–11 years old/ 46 schools (n = 2,768)

v

v

v

Unclear

All children:

Low fat V availability at home: +*

V availability overall: -

Younger children

V availability at home: ++**

Low fat V availability at home: ++**

High fat V availability at home: +*

F availability at home: -

Gatto et al., (2017) USA [44]

8–11 years old/ 4 schools (n = 375)

v

v

v

v

v

Low

F intake: -

V intake: x*

Dietary fibre intake: +*

Lee et al., (2017) USA [45]

3–5 years old/ 6 centres

(n = 89)

v

v

v

v

v

v

Unclear

F intake: -

V intake: -

V availability (home): -

F availability (home): -

Schreinemachers et al., (2017) Bhutan [27]

9–15 years old/ 18 schools (n = 517)

v

v

v

v

Promotion activities: poster displays, songs, nutrition charts, vegetable charts, pledges

Low

Nutrition knowledge: -

Preference towards F&V: +*

F intake: -

V intake: + *

F variety: -

V variety: -

Schreinemachers et al., (2017) Nepal [26]

10–15 years old/ 30 schools (n = 1,370)

v

v

v

v

Poster display, distribution of handouts about nutritious food and hand washing

Low

Food and nutritional knowledge: +***

Preference for F: +**

Preference for V: +**

F intake: -

V intake: -

F variety: -

V variety: -

Davis et al., (2016) USA [46]

8–11 years old/ 4 schools (n = 304)

v

v

v

v

Local farmers’ market visit

Low

Vegetable identification (knowledge): +**

Nutrition and gardening knowledge: +**

Preference for F: x

Preference for V: -

Willingness to try F: x

Willingness to try V: -

Self-efficacy to eat F&V: -

Home gardening: + **

Duncan et al., (2015) UK [47]

4–11 years old/ 2 schools (n = 77)

v

v

v

Unclear

Intentions***, attitudes***, norms***, and perceived behavioural control*** related to F&V intake: +

F&V intake: +**

Hanbazaza et al., (2015) Canada [21]

6–12 years old/ 1 school (n = 116)

v

v

Healthy F&V snack programme

Unclear

F&V knowledge: -

Preference for F: +**

Preference for V: -*

F intake (home): -

V intake (home): -

Sharma et al., (2015) USA [48]

3–5 years old/ 2 centres

(n = 103)

v

v

v

v

Unclear

Willingness to try F: +**

Willingness to try V: +**

F&V variety: -

Eating behaviour: -

F availability (home): -

V availability (home): -

Spears-Lanoix et al., (2015) USA [49]

8–9 years old/ 1 school

(n = 44)

v

v

v

v

Unclear

Nutrition knowledge: +***

Preference for V: +*

Willingness to try V: -

V intake: +***

Total F&V intake: -

SSB intake (reduction): x

Home availability (V): +*

Wells et al., (2015) USA [50]

6–12 years old/ 49 schools (n = 3,061)

v

v

v

Low

Scientific knowledge: + ***(yet the result was uniformly poor)

Bontrager Yoder et al., (2014) USA [3]

8–11 years old/ 9 schools (n = 1,117)

v

v

v

Harvest of the month,

locally sourced produce in school meals

Unclear

Nutrition and agriculture knowledge: +***

Willingness to try F&V: + ***

Lunch time F&V availability: +**

F&V consumption among low intake: +***

Overall F&V intake: -

F&V variety (school): +***

Cotter et al., (2013) Portugal [51]

10–12 years old/ 1 school (n = 155)

v

v

Low

Salt intake reduction: +

Gibbs et al., (2013) Australia [52]

8–12 years old/ 12 schools (n = 764)

v

v

v

Low

Nutrition knowledge (food description): -

Preference for F&V (if grow in garden): +*

Willingness to try new food: +*

F intake: -

V intake: -

Gatto et al., (2012) USA [53]

9–11 years old/ 1 school (n = 104)

v

v

v

v

v

Local farmers’ market visit

Low

For all

Preference for F: x

Preference for V: -

For obese/overweight:

Preference for F: x

Preference for V: +**

Jaenke et al., (2012) Australia [54]

11–12 years old/ 2 schools (n = 127)

v

v

v

v

Unclear

Willingness to try V: +***

F intake: -

V intake: -

Davis et al., (2011) USA [55]

9–11 years old/ 1 school (n = 104)

v

v

v

v

v

Local farmers’ market visit

Unclear

F intake: -

V intake: -

Dietary fibre intake: +*

Ratcliffe et al., (2011) USA [22]

11–13 years old/ 3 schools (n = 320)

v

v

Unclear

Improving recognition of V: +**

Attitude towards & Preference for V: +*

Willingness to try V: + ***

V intake (school): + *

V intake (home): -

V variety: +***

Morgan et al. (2010) Australia [56]

11–12 years old/ 2 schools (n = 127)

v

v

v

v

Unclear

F&V knowledge: +***

Taste rating for V (preference): +***

Willingness to try V: +***

F intake: -

V intake: -

Parmer et al., (2009) USA [57]

7–8 years old/ 1 school

(n = 115)

v

v

Unclear

Nutrition knowledge: + **

Rating of tasted F&V: + **

Willingness to try F&V: -

V choice: + *

V intake: +*

Somerset et al., (2009) Australia [58]

9–13 years old/ 1 school (n = 252)

v

v

Funding of a teacher coordinator (facilitate integration of garden activities into curriculum)

Unclear

Nutrition knowledge (ability to identify F&V): +*

Interest in trying new food: x

Preference towards F: -

Preference towards V: +*

Dietary self-efficacy: -

McAleese et al., (2007) USA [59]

10–13 years old/ 3 schools (n = 99)

v

v

Low

F intake: ++***

V intake: ++***

Vitamin A intake: +**

Vitamin C intake: ++*

Dietary fibre intake: + **