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Table 3 Odds ratio of men and women smoking

From: A gender-specific assessment of tobacco use risk factors: evidence from the latest Pakistan demographic and health survey

Variables

LR Test for Men

LR Test for Women

P -value < 0.001

P-value < 0.001

Age group

 15–19 years

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 20–24 years

3.49*** (1.41,8.61)

1.55** (1.06, 2.26)

 25–29 years

3.66*** (1.51,8.87)

1.89*** (1.32, 2.72)

 30–34 years

3.71*** (1.53,8.97)

2.05*** (1.42, 2.95)

 35–39 years

4.78*** (1.98,11.55)

2.08*** (1.44, 2.99)

 40–44 years

5.21*** (2.14,12.64)

2.53*** (1.74, 3.69)

 45–49 years

5.77*** (2.38,13.99)

3.00*** (2.06, 4.37)

Province/Region of usual residence

 Punjab

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Sindh

0.88 (0.70,1.10)

3.22*** (2.65, 3.90)

 KPK

0.86 (0.67,1.10)

0.51*** (0.38, 0.69)

 Baluchistan

0.42*** (0.32, 0.55)

4.59*** (3.74, 5.64)

 GB

0.84 (0.59,1.18)

0.80 (0.57, 1.12)

 ICT

1.60*** (1.18,2.16)

1.11* (0.79, 1.55)

 AJK

1.39** (1.06,1.82)

0.75* (0.56, 1.00)

 FATA

1.51** (1.08,2.11)

0.18*** (0.10, 0.31)

Area of residence

 Urban

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Rural

0.66*** (0.56,0.78)

1.09 (0.94, 1.26)

 Educational Level No education 0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Primary

0.92 (0.73,1.15)

0.80** (0.65, 0.98)

 Secondary

0.83* (0.67,1.01)

0.67*** (0.54, 0.83)

 Higher

0.50*** (0.38,0.65)

0.46*** (0.34, 0.63)

Economic Status

 Poorest

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Poorer

0.84 (0.67,1.07)

0.86* (0.72, 1.02)

 Middle

0.84 (0.65,1.09)

0.81* (0.66, 1.00)

 Richer

0.75** (0.56,0.99)

0.58*** (0.45, 0.74)

 Richest

0.47*** (0.34,0.65)

0.43*** (0.32, 0.58)

Occupation

 Unemployed

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Officers/ Managers/Professionals

1.10 (0.68,1.77)

1.34 (0.84, 2.15)

 Clerks/Workers

1.25 (0.81,1.95)

1.18** (1.00, 1.40)

Marital Status

 Married

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Widowed

0.90 (0.37,2.18)

1.15 (0.81, 1.64)

 Divorced

0.55 (0.21,1.40)

1.72* (0.99, 2.97)

 Separated

2.88* (0.91,9.10)

3.19*** (1.63, 6.24)

Media Access

 Not at all

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Less than once a week

1.12 (0.89,1.42)

1.04 (0.85, 1.28)

 At least once a week

1.09 (0.89,1.32)

1.18** (1.01, 1.38)

Domestic Violence

 No

0.00 [Reference]

0.00 [Reference]

 Yes

1.10 (0.94,1.30)

1.26*** (1.10, 1.43)

 Don’t know

 

1.36 (0.88, 2.09)

 Constant

0.191***

0.034***

  1. Notes: (1) ‘*’, **., *** indicates 10, 5% & 1% level of significance respectively; (2) () Confidence interval at 95% level of significance