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Table 2 Percent distribution of men and women, smokers, and non-smokers – Pearson Chi square Test

From: A gender-specific assessment of tobacco use risk factors: evidence from the latest Pakistan demographic and health survey

Characteristics

Men

n

Women

n

non-smokers

smokers

non-smokers

smokers

Age group

Χ2 = 36.10

 

Χ2 = 51.74

 

15˗19 years

87.76

12.24

49

94.64

5.36

728

20˗24 years

69.97

30.03

293

93.15

6.85

2219

25˗29 years

69.81

30.19

669

92.05

7.95

3143

30–34 years

68.77

31.23

762

91.93

8.07

2851

35–39 years

63.03

36.97

733

91.19

8.81

2736

40–44 years

62.07

37.93

580

90.11

9.89

1820

45–49 years

59.76

40.24

594

87.76

12.24

1560

Province/Region

Χ2 = 73.20

 

Χ2 = 1.0e + 02

 

Punjab

64.35

35.65

850

94.55

5.45

3396

Sindh

66.54

33.46

777

84.08

15.92

2738

KPK

67.26

32.74

504

97.14

2.86

2377

Baluchistan

78.53

21.47

517

75.90

24.10

1722

GB

68.57

31.43

210

94.82

5.18

984

ICT

58.71

41.29

264

95.76

4.24

1108

AJK

55.95

44.05

336

96.10

3.89

1720

FATA

54.05

45.95

222

98.62

1.38

1012

Area

Χ2 = 2.38

 

Χ2 = 24.95

 

Urban

64.47

35.53

1880

92.66

7.34

7247

Rural

66.89

33.11

1800

90.38

9.62

7810

Educational Level

Χ2 = 74.10

 

Χ2 = 266.37

 

No education

61.09

38.91

866

87.93

12.07

7624

Primary

60.38

39.62

626

93.29

6.71

2101

Secondary

63.29

36.71

1321

95.14

4.86

3130

Higher

77.62

22.38

867

96.82

3.18

2202

Economic Status

Χ2 = 36.03

 

Χ2 = 270.46

 

Poorest

61.94

38.06

670

85.27

14.73

2885

Poorer

64.49

35.51

797

89.91

10.09

3240

Middle

62.09

37.91

707

91.70

8.30

2963

Richer

64.32

35.68

723

94.05

5.95

2875

Richest

74.46

25.54

783

96.32

3.68

3094

Occupation group

Χ2 = 27.30

 

Χ2 = 83.69

 

Not working

72.88

27.12

118

92.09

7.91

12,745

Officers/ Managers

74.28

25.72

587

95.31

4.69

512

Clerical staff

63.66

36.34

2975

86.06

13.94

1800

Marital Status

Χ2 = 7.26

 

Χ2 = 15.22

 

Married

65.72

34.28

3617

91.63

8.37

14,492

Widowed

60.87

39.13

23

88.77

11.23

365

Divorced

76.92

23.08

26

87.50

12.50

136

No longer living together

35.71

64.29

14

81.25

18.75

64

Media Access

Χ2 = 3.77

 

Χ2 = 37.07

 

Not at all

63.33

36.67

990

90.01

9.99

6109

Less than once a week

65.29

34.71

628

90.63

9.38

1632

At least once a week

66.88

33.12

2062

92.89

7.11

7316

Domestic Violence

Χ2 = 12.82

 

Χ2 = 60.41

 

No

67.58

32.42

2363

92.99

7.00

8236

Yes

62.10

37.90

1314

89.8

10.20

6628

Don’t know

100

0.00

3

84.46

15.54

193

  1. Notes: KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), GB (Gilgit Baltistan), ICT (Islamabad Capital Territory), AJK (Azad Jammu and Kashmir), FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas)