Table 4 Effect size of sleep duration on albumin in prespecified and exploratory subgroups

sex

0.0418

 male

Ref

-0.94 (-1.29, -0.60)

-0.45 (-0.71, -0.18)

0.09 (-0.12, 0.29)

-0.18 (-0.42, 0.06)

-0.28 (-0.59, 0.03)

 P value

 < 0.0001

0.0011

0.4020

0.1493

0.0739

 female

Ref

-0.95 (-1.34, -0.56)

-0.47 (-0.77, -0.17)

-0.38 (-0.60, -0.15)

-0.26 (-0.47, -0.05)

-0.58 (-0.86, -0.31)

 P value

 < 0.0001

0.0024

0.0009

0.0159

 < 0.0001

race

0.0010

 Mexican American

Ref

-0.86 (-1.34, -0.39)

-0.40 (-0.76, -0.03)

-0.19 (-0.48, 0.10)

0.00 (-0.31, 0.32)

-0.05 (-0.43, 0.33)

 P value

0.0004

0.0324

0.2015

0.9940

0.7933

 non-Hispanic white

Ref

-1.67 (-2.16, -1.17)

-0.53 (-0.89, -0.18)

-0.15 (-0.41, 0.10)

-0.32 (-0.58, -0.05)

-0.65 (-1.00, -0.30)

 P value

 < 0.0001

0.0033

0.2339

0.0182

0.0003

 non-Hispanic black

Ref

0.05 (-0.40, 0.50)

-0.13 (-0.55, 0.29)

0.02 (-0.35, 0.39)

-0.02 (-0.43, 0.40)

-0.06 (-0.50, 0.38)

 P value

0.8126

0.5405

0.9224

0.9433

0.7906

 other race

Ref

-0.02 (-0.67, 0.62)

-0.15 (-0.67, 0.37)

0.10 (-0.28, 0.47)

-0.18 (-0.59, 0.23)

-0.43 (-0.96, 0.10)

 P value

0.9466

0.5760

0.6143

0.3842

0.1095

marital status

0.0023

 married or living with partner

Ref

-1.38 (-1.75, -1.01)

-0.67 (-0.93, -0.41)

-0.23 (-0.42, -0.04)

-0.26 (-0.47, -0.06)

-0.69 (-0.97, -0.40)

 P value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.0190

0.0116

 < 0.0001

 living alone

Ref

-0.54 (-0.91, -0.17)

-0.06 (-0.38, 0.27)

0.08 (-0.17, 0.33)

-0.12 (-0.38, 0.13)

-0.17 (-0.46, 0.13)

 P value

0.0047

0.7374

0.5184

0.3454

0.2722

high cholesterol

0.0177

 yes

Ref

-1.23 (-1.65, -0.81)

-0.61 (-0.93, -0.28)

-0.51 (-0.76, -0.26)

-0.41 (-0.66, -0.15)

-0.83 (-1.15, -0.50)

 P value

 < 0.0001

0.0002

 < 0.0001

0.0018

 < 0.0001

 no

Ref

-0.80 (-1.14, -0.46)

-0.40 (-0.66, -0.14)

0.05 (-0.14, 0.25)

-0.14 (-0.34, 0.07)

-0.28 (-0.55, -0.02)

 P value

 < 0.0001

0.0023

0.5709

0.1879

0.0367

AST, IU/L

0.0004

  < 45

Ref

-0.83 (-1.10, -0.56)

-0.50 (-0.71, -0.30)

-0.12 (-0.27, 0.03)

-0.21 (-0.37, -0.05)

-0.39 (-0.59, -0.18)

 P value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.1197

0.0104

0.0003

  ≥ 45

Ref

-1.51 (-2.77, -0.25)

0.82 (-0.33, 1.97)

-0.18 (-1.11, 0.74)

-0.20 (-1.18, 0.79)

-1.93 (-3.14, -0.73)

0.0190

0.1629

0.7016

0.6945

0.0018

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m²

0.0019

  < 80

Ref

-1.00 (-1.40, -0.60)

-0.66 (-0.99, -0.33)

-0.31 (-0.55, -0.06)

-0.40 (-0.66, -0.15)

-0.74 (-1.05, -0.43)

 P value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

0.0134

0.0018

 < 0.0001

 80–120

Ref

-0.93 (-1.30, -0.56)

-0.48 (-0.75, -0.21)

-0.10 (-0.30, 0.10)

-0.10 (-0.32, 0.12)

-0.02 (-0.32, 0.28)

 P value

 < 0.0001

0.0005

0.3282

0.3589

0.8870

  ≥ 120

Ref

-1.23 (-2.17, -0.29)

0.26 (-0.44, 0.96)

0.21 (-0.33, 0.76)

0.02 (-0.55, 0.59)

-0.93 (-1.60, -0.26)

 P value

0.0106

0.4718

0.4431

0.9469

0.0064