Table 3 Effect of financial inclusion on the choice of solid waste disposal method among households in Ghana

Financial inclusion (Ref: No)

 Yes

−0.222^**

− 0.261^**

− 0.519^***

− 0.142

−0.191^*

− 0.398^***

(0.104)

(0.108)

(0.137)

(0.102)

(0.105)

(0.118)

 Income (in Ghana Cedis)

−0.00000347

− 0.0000111^***

− 0.0000119^*

0.0000139

0.00000477

0.0000124

(0.00000338)

(0.00000323)

(0.00000617)

(0.0000100)

(0.00000654)

(0.0000118)

Sex (Ref: Female)

 Male

0.315^***

−0.0123

0.362^***

0.312^***

−0.0152

0.363^***

(0.0734)

(0.0689)

(0.0992)

(0.0731)

(0.0688)

(0.0968)

Educational qualification (Ref: None)

 Yes

− 0.367^***

− 0.361^***

− 0.523^***

− 0.362^***

−0.356^***

− 0.510^***

(0.0936)

(0.0857)

(0.103)

(0.0931)

(0.0860)

(0.105)

Religion (Ref: No religion)

 Christian

−0.741^***

− 0.446^***

− 0.578^***

− 0.732^***

−0.437^***

− 0.571^***

(0.207)

(0.163)

(0.199)

(0.207)

(0.162)

(0.198)

 Traditionalist/other

−0.321

−0.520^*

− 0.239

− 0.306

− 0.505

−0.224

(0.303)

(0.306)

(0.309)

(0.304)

(0.308)

(0.311)

 Islam

−1.145^***

−0.443^**

− 0.784^***

− 1.134^***

−0.431^**

− 0.779^***

(0.262)

(0.204)

(0.251)

(0.259)

(0.203)

(0.249)

Region (Ref: Western)

 Central

0.497^**

−0.213

0.163

0.481^**

−0.228

0.143

(0.239)

(0.257)

(0.310)

(0.240)

(0.259)

(0.312)

 Greater Accra

−1.069^***

−2.587^***

− 1.403^***

− 1.085^***

− 2.602^***

− 1.426^***

(0.241)

(0.283)

(0.347)

(0.241)

(0.286)

(0.350)

 Volta

0.908^***

−0.865^***

0.822^***

0.895^***

−0.877^***

0.806^***

(0.261)

(0.287)

(0.296)

(0.262)

(0.288)

(0.298)

 Eastern

0.881^***

−0.299

0.437

0.871^***

−0.309

0.423

(0.283)

(0.288)

(0.333)

(0.283)

(0.289)

(0.334)

 Ashanti

−0.662^**

−1.196^***

−1.038^***

−0.686^**

− 1.217^***

− 1.078^***

(0.280)

(0.276)

(0.335)

(0.275)

(0.278)

(0.325)

 Brong-Ahafo

0.978^***

0.430

1.223^***

0.966^***

0.420

1.208^***

(0.300)

(0.291)

(0.330)

(0.300)

(0.292)

(0.330)

 Northern

0.484

−0.649^*

0.923^**

0.480

−0.654^*

0.925^**

(0.352)

(0.355)

(0.396)

(0.352)

(0.356)

(0.397)

 Upper East

0.716^**

−2.211^***

0.449

0.702^**

−2.223^***

0.435

(0.297)

(0.330)

(0.314)

(0.295)

(0.331)

(0.314)

 Upper West

−0.261

−1.757^***

0.232

− 0.274

− 1.770^***

0.224

(0.278)

(0.327)

(0.313)

(0.276)

(0.327)

(0.313)

Residence (Ref: Urban)

 Rural

1.063^***

1.229^***

1.648^***

1.070^***

1.235^***

1.658^***

(0.171)

(0.184)

(0.200)

(0.170)

(0.184)

(0.197)

 Age (in years)

−0.0126^***

− 0.00513^**

− 0.0122^***

− 0.0125^***

− 0.00507^**

−0.0121^***

(0.00266)

(0.00256)

(0.00391)

(0.00270)

(0.00257)

(0.00393)

 Household size

0.0128

0.0283^*

0.0199

0.0116

0.0272

0.0177

(0.0181)

(0.0170)

(0.0200)

(0.0183)

(0.0171)

(0.0201)

Rent agreement (Ref: Owning)

 Renting

−0.643^***

−0.227^*

− 0.437^***

−0.644^***

− 0.228^*

−0.429^***

(0.129)

(0.116)

(0.131)

(0.129)

(0.116)

(0.134)

 Rent free

−0.327^***

0.123

−0.186

− 0.325^***

0.124

−0.183

(0.119)

(0.111)

(0.127)

(0.119)

(0.111)

(0.127)

 Perching/squatting

0.140

−0.253

− 0.771

0.148

−0.248

− 0.758

(0.454)

(0.376)

(0.480)

(0.455)

(0.377)

(0.480)

Financial inclusion*Income

 Yes

−0.0000199^*

− 0.0000181^**

− 0.0000329^**

(0.0000107)

(0.00000710)

(0.0000131)

 Constant

1.581^***

2.552^***

0.748^**

1.528^***

2.504^***

0.675^*

(0.296)

(0.279)

(0.350)

(0.287)

(0.281)

(0.347)

Observations