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Table 4 Quality of appraisal and risk of bias

From: Instruments to measure e-cigarette related constructs: a systematic review

 

PROM design

Content validity

Structural validity

Internal consistency

Cross-cultural validity/ Measurement invariance

Reliability

Measurement error

Criterion Validity

Hypotheses Testing for Construct Validity

Responsiveness

Cristello et al., 2020 [19]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Diez et al., 2019 [30]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Morean et al., 2019 [20]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Piper et al., 2019 [36] (e-FTCD)

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Piper et al., 2019 [36] (e-WISDM)

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Piper et al., 2019 [36] (PS-ECDI)

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Foulds et al., 2015 [37]

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Dowd et al., 2019 [35]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Dowd et al., 2019(short) [35]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Cole et al., 2019 [32]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Pokhrel et al., 2018 [18]

Adequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Pokhrel et al., 2018(short) [18]

Adequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Morean et al., 2018 [34]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Carey et al., 2018 [33]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Browne & Todd, 2018 [38]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Hershberger et al., 2017 [24]; Kale et al., 2020 [25]

Adequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Waters et al., 2017 [28]

Adequate

Inadequate

Adequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Persoskie et al., 2017 [27]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Copeland et al., 2017 [22]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Doubtful

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Morean & L’Insalata, 2017 [21]

Adequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Penzes et al., 2016 [31]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Hershberger et al.,2016 [29]

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Hendricks et al., 2015 [26]

Adequate

Very good

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate

Chaffee et al., 2015 [23]

Adequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Inadequate

Very good

Very good

Inadequate