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Table 3 Prevalence (95% Confidence Intervals) of health outcomes by socio-demographic characteristics and morbidity status

From: Burden, patterns, and impact of multimorbidity in North India: findings from a rural population-based study

 

Disability (n = 89)

Depression (n = 68)

Low self-rated health (n = 155)

Total (n = 3213)

2.8 [2.3–3.4]

2.1 [1.7–2.7]

61.5 [59.8–63.1]

Age

% [95% CI]

% [95% CI]

% [95% CI]

 30–44 years (n = 1055)

0.5 [0.2–1.1]

1.8 [1.2–2.8]

44.1 [41.2–47.2]

 45–59 years (n = 1259)

1.4 [0.9–2.3]

1.7 [1.1–2.6]

63.5 [60.8–66.1]

 ≥60 years (n = 912)

7.2 [5.7–9.1]

3.1 [2.1–4.4]

78.6 [75.8–81.2]

Gender

 Men (n = 1478)

2.4 [1.7–3.3]

0.9 [0.6–1.6]

53.3 [50.8–55.8]

 Women (n = 1735)

3.1 [2.4–4.0]

3.1 [2.4–4.0]

68.4 [66.2–70.6]

Marital status

 Currently Married (n = 2748)

2.1 [1.6–2.7]

1.9 [1.4–2.4]

59.9 [58.1–61.7]

 Widow/Widower/ separated / divorced (n = 399)

7.8 [5.5–10.8]

4.0 [2.5–6.4]

76.2 [71.8–80.1]

 Never Married (n = 66)

1.5 [0.2–10.0]

1.5 [0.2–10.0]

37.9 [27.0–50.1]

Education status

 College graduation and above (n = 147)

0.7 [0.1–4.7]

0.0

44.9 [37.1–53.0]

 High school or secondary (n = 2219)

1.8 [1.4–2.5]

1.4 [0.9–1.9]

56 [53.9–58.0]

 Up to primary (n = 847)

5.5 [4.2–7.3]

4.5 [3.3–6.1]

78.7 [75.9–81.4]

Occupation

 Professional/Medium and big business owner (n = 166)

0.6 [0.1–4.2]

0.0

46.4 [38.9–54.0]

 Skilled labourer/small business (n = 314)

0.3 [0.0–2.2]

0.6 [0.2–2.5]

43 [37.6–48.5]

 Unskilled/semiskilled (n = 910)

0.5 [0.2–1.3]

1.5 [0.9–2.6]

51.5 [48.3–54.8]

 Homemaker (n = 1490)

2.1 [1.5–2.9]

2.3 [1.7–3.3]

68.1 [65.7–70.4]

Wealth index

 Low (n = 1143)

2.7 [1.9–3.8]

3.6 [2.7–4.8]

65.4 [62.6–68.1]

 Medium (n = 1015)

3.2 [2.2–4.4]

1.8 [1.1–2.8]

59.4 [56.4–62.4]

 High (n = 1050)

2.5 [1.7–3.6]

0.7 [0.3–1.4]

59 [56.0–62.0]

Physical activity

 Yes (n = 2692)

1.9 [1.4–2.4]

1.7 [1.3–2.3]

59.2 [57.3–61.0]

 No (n = 521)

7.5 [5.5–10.1]

4.2 [2.8–6.3]

73.3 [69.4–76.9]

Ever alcohol use

 Yes (n = 814)

2.5 [1.6–3.8]

1.0 [0.5–2.0]

54.9 [51.5–58.3]

 No (n = 2399)

2.9 [2.3–3.6]

2.5 [1.9–3.2]

63.7 [61.7–65.6]

Ever tobacco use

 Yes (n = 481)

2.9 [1.7–4.9]

1.5 [0.7–3.0]

60.9 [56.5–65.2]

 No (n = 2732)

2.7 [2.2–3.4]

2.2 [1.7–2.9]

61.6 [59.7–63.4]

BMI

 Under-weight (n = 171)

8.2 [4.9–13.4]

5.8 [3.2–10.5]

71.3 [64.1–77.6]

 Normal (n = 640)

3.8 [2.5–5.5]

2.2 [1.3–3.7]

61.6 [57.7–65.3]

 Overweight (n = 469)

1.9 [1.0–3.6]

2.3 [1.3–4.2]

57.6 [53.0–62.0]

 Obese (n = 1933)

2.2 [1.6–2.9]

1.7 [1.2–2.4]

61.5 [59.3–63.7]

Abdominal obesity

 Normal (n = 830)

3.3 [2.2–4.7]

3.1 [2.1–4.6]

58.3 [54.9–61.6]

 Central obesity (n = 2383)

2.6 [2.0–3.3]

1.8 [1.3–2.4]

62.6 [60.6–64.5]

No of morbidities

 0 (n = 1714)

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

51.1 (48.7–53.5)

 1 (n = 920)

3 (2.1–4.4)

1.8 (1.2–3.0)

65.0 (61.9–68.0)

 2 (n = 383)

5.5 (3.6–8.3)

3.7 (2.2–6.1)

84.1 (80.1–87.4)

 3 or more (n = 196)

12.2 (8.3–17.6)

5.6 (3.1–9.9)

91.3 (86.5–94.5)