Prevalence, characteristics, and psychological outcomes of workplace cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey

Table 4 Mean scores of each scale for TB^a/CB^b victimization (n = 1,200)

	Range	TB victim			CB victim
	Range	No	Yes	P	No	Yes	P
Age	21–64	40.64	39.57	.26	40.90	36.00	< .001
Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory
Extraversion	2–14	7.17	7.63	.02	7.19	7.53	.13
Agreeableness	2–14	9.47	8.38	< .001	9.39	8.77	.007
Conscientiousness	2–14	7.84	7.74	.66	7.80	8.08	.26
Neuroticism	2–14	8.03	8.60	.008	8.11	8.01	.71
Openness	2–14	7.30	7.66	.09	7.28	8.06	< .001
Brief Scales for Job Stress
Quantitative workload	1–4	2.14	2.43	< .001	2.14	2.49	< .001
Qualitative workload	1–4	2.11	2.47	< .001	2.11	2.61	< .001
Job control	1–4	2.51	2.35	.02	2.49	2.57	.31
Support from colleagues and superiors	1–4	2.46	2.24	.001	2.43	2.48	.42
the 12-item Organizational Climate Scale
Tradition scale	1–2	1.31	1.52	< .001	1.33	1.44	.001
Organizational environment scale	1–2	1.35	1.32	.32	1.35	1.36	.73
Gratitude at Work Scale
Gratitude for supportive work environment	1–5	3.07	2.71	< .001	3.04	2.99	.63
Gratitude for meaningful work	1–5	3.12	2.96	0.052	3.09	3.18	.36
the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale	0–24	4.91	9.58	< .001	5.19	8.23	< .001
Athens Insomnia Scale	0–24	5.82	9.77	< .001	6.09	8.29	< .001
Japanese version of the Three-Item Loneliness scale	3–9	4.70	6.18	< .001	4.81	5.51	< .001

ISSN: 1471-2458