Table 1 Sample characteristics for South Africa (n=4,227) and Ghana (n=5,573) stratified by rural/urban status

Social capital^a

Social capital^a

  Low

39.74%

54.79%

Low

31.42%

40.37%

  Medium/High

60.26%

45.21%

Medium/High

68.58%

59.63%

Age^a

60.9 (13.1)

59.9 (11.9)

Age^a

60.5 (14.1)

59.7 (13.9)

Gender

Gender^a

  Male

44.15%

41.74%

Male

54.17%

45.46%

  Female

55.85%

58.26%

Female

45.83%

54.54%

Marital Status

Marital Status^a

  Single

47.09%

46.86%

Single

35.64%

43.86%

  w/Partner

52.91%

53.14%

w/Partner

64.36%

56.14%

Education^a

Education^a

  No formal education

70.83%

45.23%

No formal education

89.64%

71.36%

  <High School

26.36%

45.72%

<High School

5.50%

14.77%

  >=High School

2.81%

9.06%

>=High School

4.86%

13.87%

Work Status

Work Status^a

  Working

32.44%

32.20%

Working

78.43%

65.67%

  Not-Working

67.56%

67.80%

Not-Working

21.57%

34.33%

Comorbidities

Comorbidities

  Arthritis^a

224 (16.8%)

648 (24.1%)

Arthritis

339 (11.3%)

241 (11.6%)

  Stroke

39 (2.9%)

103 (3.8%)

Stroke^a

47 (1.6%)

73 (3.5%)

  Angina^a

60 (4.5%)

169 (6.3%)

Angina

85 (2.8%)

64 (3.1%)

  Diabetes^a

64 (4.8%)

305 (11.3%)

Diabetes^a

58 (1.9%)

119 (5.7%)

  Lung Disease

31 (2.3%)

60 (2.2%)

Lung Disease ^a

10 (0.3%)

18 (0.9%)

  Asthma^a

44 (3.3%)

130 (4.8%)

Asthma

95 (3.2%)

78 (3.7%)

  Depression^a

20 (1.5%)

108 (4.0%)

Depression

33 (1.1%)

36 (1.7%)