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Table 4 Associations between socioeconomic, demographic, health and social characteristics and having difficulty in accessing information related to health care products e.g. medicines, herbs, or cosmetics

From: Relationship between socioeconomic, demographic, health and social characteristics and ability to access reliable information on herbal and food supplements: analysis of Thai Health Literacy Survey 2019

Factors

Having difficulty in accessing information

Crude OR

95% CI

Adjusted OR

95% CI

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Highest completed education (reference group: tertiary education n = 2028) 51.4% reported having difficulty

 No education (n = 666)

29.14*

22.94

37

3.08*

2.24

4.22

 Primary education (n = 8404)

14.29*

12.53

16.29

3.46*

2.94

4.08

 Lower secondary education (n = 2057)

3.12*

2.68

3.64

1.93*

1.63

2.3

 Upper secondary education (n = 3104)

1.88*

1.62

2.17

1.44*

1.22

1.69

Level of adequacy of income (reference group: saving)

 Deprived

4.44*

3.76

5.23

1.71*

1.4

2.09

 Sometimes sufficient

2.65*

2.3

3.05

1.50*

1.26

1.78

 Often sufficient

1.66*

1.43

1.92

1.14

0.96

1.36

Occupation (reference group: student and others)

 Agriculture

10.53*

8.8

12.6

1.31*

1.01

1.7

 Unemployed

12.74*

10.57

15.34

1.21

0.93

1.57

 Business owner

4.12*

3.4

4.99

0.88

0.67

1.15

 Casual employment

5.63*

4.68

6.77

1.02

0.79

1.32

 Governmental officer

1.33*

1.04

1.71

0.71*

0.51

0.98

 Employees of private companies

1.09

0.82

1.44

0.8

0.56

1.13

Insurance scheme (reference group: private insurance and others)

 UCSa

3.36*

2.7

4.17

1.54*

1.19

2

 SSSb

0.84

0.66

1.08

1.16

0.87

1.55

 CSMBSc

2.45*

1.93

3.11

1.41*

1.06

1.89

Age group (reference group: 15–24 years old)

 25–45 years

1.87*

1.61

2.16

1.68*

1.37

2.07

 46–59 years

5.94*

5.17

6.83

3.48*

2.81

4.31

 60 years and above

18.55*

16.1

21.36

6.78*

5.43

8.47

Male

0.95

0.89

1.01

1.11*

1.03

1.2

Marital status (reference group: single)

 Married or living together

3.2*

2.94

3.48

1.09

0.97

1.23

 Separated or divorced

5.83*

5.21

6.53

1.19*

1.02

1.38

Reading ability (reference: fluent)

 Cannot read

8.84*

7.38

10.58

2.17*

1.5

3.13

 Can read but not fluent

5.98*

5.48

6.51

1.77*

1.48

2.13

Writing status (reference: fluent)

 Cannot write

9.1*

7.51

11.03

1.27

0.87

1.85

 Can write but not fluent

5.73*

5.29

6.21

1.22*

1.02

1.46

Presence of chronic diseases (reference group: don’t know because never received screening)

 No chronic diseases

1.07

0.99

1.16

0.87*

0.78

0.96

 Having diagnosed with chronic diseases

2.63*

2.42

2.86

1.01

0.91

1.13

Use of corrective eyewear

1.3*

1.22

1.39

0.84*

0.77

0.92

Having hearing impairment

3.23*

2.82

3.7

1.35*

1.15

1.58

Having community leadership roles

0.67*

0.62

0.73

0.57*

0.52

0.62

  1. * p-value < 0.05
  2. aUCS Universal Coverage Scheme, bSSS Social Security Scheme, cCSMBS Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme
  3. Nagelkerke R Square for accessing model = 0.40