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Table 1 Intervention framework: theoretical constructs, evidence-based behavior change strategies, practical application, and specific outcome measures

From: Using a multi-module web-app to prevent substance use among students at a Hispanic Serving Institution: development and evaluation design

Theoretical constructs

Behavior change strategies

Practical application

Outcome measures

Attitudes/Knowledge

Educational content

- Identify potency, present legal facts via flip cards, quizzlets, videos, etc.

- Substance-specific knowledge (4 items)

- Do you ever feel bad about your alcohol or drug use?

Perceived susceptibility

Correct risk perceptions

- Define what constitutes risky substance use.

- Present health risks of substance misuse and dependency risk via flip cards, quizzlets, videos, etc.

- What level of risk do you think people have of harming themselves physically or in other ways when they [use a substance]? (6 items)

Subjective norms

Normative re-education

- Guess percentage of peer use on campus; show actual vs. perceived use via pie charts.

- Inform how college substance use is less frequent than perceived.

- In the last 30 days, what percent of students do you think used [substance]? (14 items)

Self-efficacy

Refusal skills

- Examples of how to say “no” in a variety of scenarios.

- I would be able to say no if a friend offered me [substance]. (2 items)

Personalized feedback

- Self-assessment and individualized feedback.

Skills/knowledge for responsible use

- Responsible use checklist.

Protective strategies

- Identify healthy alternative activities and support (physical, mind-body, social).

- Checklist of healthy study habits.

- Links to virtual and on-campus support resources.

Goal setting

- Write SMART goal for healthy strategies