Table 1 Difference analysis between different atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk groups
Characteristics | Total (n = 14,947) | Low risk group (n = 5735) | Borderline risk group (n = 1082) | Intermediate risk group (n = 3329) | High risk group (n = 4801) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, M (Q1, Q3) | 46.00 (33.00, 60.00) | 32.00 (25.00, 40.00) | 43.00 (34.00, 50.00) | 50.00 (41.00, 57.00) | 64.00 (57.00, 70.00) | χ2 = 8719.967 |  < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 533.159 |  < 0.001 |
Female | 7764 (51.94) | 3468 (60.47) | 622 (57.49) | 1821 (54.70) | 1853 (38.60) | Â | Â |
Male | 7183 (48.06) | 2267 (39.53) | 460 (42.51) | 1508 (45.30) | 2948 (61.40) | Â | Â |
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 29.37 ± 6.97 | 28.23 ± 7.23 | 30.24 ± 7.41 | 30.56 ± 7.15 | 29.70 ± 6.19 | F = 94.140 |  < 0.001 |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 264.033 |  < 0.001 |
Mexican Americans | 2242 (15.00) | 936 (16.32) | 178 (16.45) | 508 (15.26) | 620 (12.91) | Â | Â |
Hispanics | 1531 (10.24) | 480 (8.37) | 101 (9.33) | 356 (10.69) | 594 (12.37) | Â | Â |
Non-Hispanic whites | 6183 (41.37) | 2107 (36.74) | 469 (43.35) | 1416 (42.54) | 2191 (45.64) | Â | Â |
Non-Hispanic blacks | 3140 (21.01) | 1290 (22.49) | 202 (18.67) | 643 (19.32) | 1005 (20.93) | Â | Â |
Others | 1851 (12.38) | 922 (16.08) | 132 (12.20) | 406 (12.20) | 391 (8.14) | Â | Â |
Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 1902.546 |  < 0.001 |
Married | 7776 (52.02) | 2548 (44.43) | 581 (53.70) | 1844 (55.39) | 2803 (58.38) | Â | Â |
Widowed | 689 (4.61) | 32 (0.56) | 22 (2.03) | 135 (4.06) | 500 (10.41) | Â | Â |
Divorced/separation | 2114 (14.14) | 507 (8.84) | 157 (14.51) | 589 (17.69) | 861 (17.93) | Â | Â |
Unmarried | 4368 (29.22) | 2648 (46.17) | 322 (29.76) | 761 (22.86) | 637 (13.27) | Â | Â |
Education level, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 331.585 |  < 0.001 |
 < high school | 2899 (19.40) | 806 (14.05) | 203 (18.76) | 727 (21.84) | 1163 (24.22) |  |  |
High school/GED | 3323 (22.23) | 1085 (18.92) | 262 (24.21) | 769 (23.10) | 1207 (25.14) | Â | Â |
 > high school | 8725 (58.37) | 3844 (67.03) | 617 (57.02) | 1833 (55.06) | 2431 (50.64) |  |  |
Income family, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 64.207 |  < 0.001 |
 < 20,000 $ | 12,205 (81.66) | 4844 (84.46) | 892 (82.44) | 2703 (81.20) | 3766 (78.44) |  |  |
 ≥ 20,000 $ | 2742 (18.34) | 891 (15.54) | 190 (17.56) | 626 (18.80) | 1035 (21.56) |  |  |
Smoking, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 6.324 | 0.097 |
Yes | 10,493 (70.20) | 3980 (69.40) | 757 (69.96) | 2321 (69.72) | 3435 (71.55) | Â | Â |
No | 4454 (29.80) | 1755 (30.60) | 325 (30.04) | 1008 (30.28) | 1366 (28.45) | Â | Â |
Hypertension, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 1857.847 |  < 0.001 |
Yes | 4669 (31.24) | 725 (12.64) | 278 (25.69) | 1216 (36.53) | 2450 (51.03) | Â | Â |
No | 10,278 (68.76) | 5010 (87.36) | 804 (74.31) | 2113 (63.47) | 2351 (48.97) | Â | Â |
Diabetes, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 335.823 |  < 0.001 |
Yes | 1695 (11.34) | 310 (5.41) | 132 (12.20) | 510 (15.32) | 743 (15.48) | Â | Â |
No | 13,252 (88.66) | 5425 (94.59) | 950 (87.80) | 2819 (84.68) | 4058 (84.52) | Â | Â |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 916.488 |  < 0.001 |
Yes | 12,957 (86.69) | 5487 (95.68) | 979 (90.48) | 2855 (85.76) | 3636 (75.73) | Â | Â |
No | 1990 (13.31) | 248 (4.32) | 103 (9.52) | 474 (14.24) | 1165 (24.27) | Â | Â |
Use of high blood pressure medication, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 575.659 |  < 0.001 |
Yes | 905 (6.05) | 65 (1.13) | 47 (4.34) | 204 (6.13) | 589 (12.27) | Â | Â |
No | 14,042 (93.95) | 5670 (98.87) | 1035 (95.66) | 3125 (93.87) | 4212 (87.73) | Â | Â |
Now increasing exercise, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 1.019 | 0.797 |
Yes | 567 (79.52) | 87 (78.38) | 40 (85.11) | 159 (79.50) | 281 (79.15) | Â | Â |
No | 146 (20.48) | 24 (21.62) | 7 (14.89) | 41 (20.50) | 74 (20.85) | Â | Â |
SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 122.67 ± 17.23 | 114.15 ± 12.14 | 119.23 ± 13.30 | 122.92 ± 15.16 | 133.44 ± 18.54 | F = 1424.593 |  < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 71.10 ± 12.15 | 68.72 ± 10.92 | 72.64 ± 11.25 | 73.12 ± 11.56 | 72.20 ± 13.59 | F = 126.362 |  < 0.001 |
HDL mg/dl, mean ± SD | 53.26 ± 16.12 | 56.07 ± 15.58 | 52.77 ± 16.01 | 51.15 ± 15.29 | 51.49 ± 16.85 | F = 98.361 |  < 0.001 |
TC, mmol/l, mean ± SD | 193.53 ± 41.65 | 179.56 ± 35.02 | 194.59 ± 35.97 | 201.79 ± 40.34 | 204.24 ± 46.07 | F = 393.357 |  < 0.001 |
Total bilirubin, umol/L, M (Q1, Q3) | 10.26 (6.84, 13.68) | 10.26 (6.84, 13.68) | 10.26 (6.84, 13.68) | 10.26 (6.84, 11.97) | 10.26 (8.55, 13.68) | χ2 = 32.228 |  < 0.001 |
Cr, mg/dL, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.07) | χ2 = 826.562 |  < 0.001 |
Total energy, kcal, M (Q1, Q3) | 1956.00 (1504.00, 2517.50) | 1983.00 (1532.00, 2549.50) | 1946.25 (1526.00, 2524.00) | 1975.00 (1516.50, 2534.00) | 1911.50 (1458.50, 2469.50) | χ2 = 31.348 |  < 0.001 |
Total dietary fiber intake, g, M (Q1, Q3) | 15.45 (10.75, 21.85) | 15.40 (10.85, 21.60) | 15.10 (10.70, 22.20) | 15.30 (10.60, 21.90) | 15.65 (10.75, 21.95) | χ2 = 1.106 | 0.776 |
Dietary fiber density, 10 g/1000 kcal, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.78 (0.58, 1.06) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.03) | 0.76 (0.58, 1,04) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) | 0.82 (0.60, 1.10) | χ2 = 36.806 |  < 0.001 |