Characteristic | Case fatality ratio n/N (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | |||||
0-39 years | 8/400 (2.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
40-59 years | 20/423 (4.7) | 2.4 (1.1-5.6) | 0.036 | 2.4 (1.0-5.5) | 0.038 |
60-79 years | 58/456 (12.7) | 7.1 (3.4-15.2) | ≤0.001 | 7.6 (3.6-16.5) | ≤0.001 |
≥ 80 years | 52/225 (23.1) | 14.7 (6.8-31.7) | ≤0.001 | 18.2 (8.1-41.2) | ≤0.001 |
Sexs | |||||
Female | 59/692 (8.7) | Reference | |||
Male | 78/812 (9.9) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 0.531 | ||
Race/Ethnicity | |||||
Black | 47/734 (6.4) | Reference | |||
Coloured | 8/101 (7.9) | 1.3 (0.6-2.8) | 0.572 | ||
White | 74/610 (12.1) | 2.8 (1.3-6.2) | 0.008 | ||
Indian | 9/56 (16.1) | 2.1 (1.4-3.0) | ≤0.001 | ||
Type of LTCF | |||||
Substance Abuse | 9/241 (3.7) | Reference | |||
Frail Care Centre | 16/123 (13.0) | 3.9 (1.7-9.0) | 0.002 | ||
Old age home | 45/269 (16.7) | 5.1 (2.5-11.0) | ≤0.001 | ||
Psychiatric/Mental | 47/657 (7.2) | 2.0 (0.9-4.1) | 0.065 | ||
Retirement village | 21/214 (9.8) | 2.8 (1.3-6.3) | 0.012 | ||
Wave period | |||||
Pre-wave 1 | 21/118 (18.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
Wave 1 | 70/811 (8.6) | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) | 0.002 | 0.3 (0.1-0.9) | 0.023 |
Post-wave 1 | 5/60 (8.3) | 0.4 (0.1-1.1) | 0.099 | 0.2 (0.05-0.8) | 0.027 |
Wave 2 | 25/241 (10.4) | 0.5 (0.3-1.0) | 0.051 | 0.3 (0.1-1.0) | 0.059 |
Post-wave 2 | 2/20 (10.0) | 0.5 (0.1-2.4) | 0.394 | 0.1 (0.02-0.9) | 0.035 |
Wave 3 | 15/254 (5.9) | 0.3 (0.1-0.6) | 0.001 | 0.2 (0.06-0.6) | 0.004 |
Comorbid condition | |||||
1 comorbid condition | 22/191 (11.5) | Reference | |||
2 comorbid conditions ≥ 3 comorbid conditions | 10/60 (16.7) 5/24 (20.8) | 1.5 (0.7-3.5) 2.0 (0.7-6.0) | 0.300 0.202 | ||
Hypertension | |||||
No | 108/1,280 (8.4) | Reference | |||
Yes | 27/194 (13.9) | 1.8 (1.1-2.8) | 0.015 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | |||||
No | 123/1,410 (8.7) | Reference | |||
Yes | 12/64 (18.8) | 2.4 (1.3-4.6) | 0.008 | ||
Chronic cardiac disease | |||||
No | 132/1,466 (9.0) | Reference | |||
Yes | 3/8 (37.5) | 2.7 (1.3-5.6) | 0.006 | ||
Asthma/Chronic pulmonary disease | |||||
No | 134/1,450 (9.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 1/24 (4.2) | 0.4 (0.1-3.1) | 0.407 | ||
Chronic renal disease | |||||
No | 132/1,466 (9.0) | Reference | |||
Yes | 3/8 (37.5) | 6.1 (1.4-25.74) | 0.014 | ||
Malignancy | |||||
No | 134/1,465 (9.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 1/9 (11.1) | 1.2 (0.2-10.0) | 0.839 | ||
HIV | |||||
No | 133/1,445 (9.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 2/29 (6.9) | 0.7 (0.2-3.1) | 0.671 | ||
Active Tuberculosis | |||||
No | 135/1,474 (9.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 0 | 1 | ─ | ||
Past Tuberculosis | |||||
No | 135/1,473 (9.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 0 | 1 | ─ | ||
Smoking | |||||
Never smoked | 38/412 (9.2) | Reference | |||
Former smoker | 8/70 (11.4) | 1.3 (0.6-2.9) | 0.461 | ||
Current smoker | 2/209 (1.0) | 0.09 (0.02-0.4) | 0.001 | ||
Province | |||||
Western Cape | 14/64 (21.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
Eastern Cape | 12/132 (9.1) | 0.4 (0.2-0.8) | 0.016 | 1.3 (0.5-3.1) | 0.620 |
Free State | 30/225 (13.3) | 0.5 (0.3-1.1) | 0.097 | 4.2 (1.4-12.8) | 0.012 |
Gauteng | 26/430 (6.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) | ≤0.001 | 1.5 (0.5-4.7) | 0.441 |
KwaZulu-Natal | 27/305 (8.9) | 0.3 (0.2-0.7) | 0.004 | 1.6 (0.5-5.0) | 0.380 |
Limpopo | 2/35 (5.7) | 0.2 (0.04-1.1) | 0.052 | 1.5 (0.2-9.6) | 0.655 |
Mpumalanga | 10/99 (10.1) | 0.4 (0.2-0.9) | 0.043 | 1.5 (0.4-4.8) | 0.544 |
Northern Cape | 17/214 (7.9) | 0.3 (0.1-0.7) | 0.003 | 3.8 (1.2-12.6) | 0.028 |