Skip to main content

Table 2 Unadjusted HRs and 95% CIs on the association between each potential risk factor and each Early Exit pathway separately

From: Educational qualification differences and early labor market exit among men: the contribution of labor market marginalization measured across the working life

 

Health- related early exit

Long-term unemployment

Early old-age pension with income

Early old-age pension without income

Childhood SEP

  Unskilled worker

1.82 (1.61, 2.06)

1.53 (1.32, 1.76)

1.09 (0.97, 1.23)

1.10 (1.00, 1.20)

  Skilled worker

1.75 (1.54, 1.99)

1.50 (1.29, 1.74)

1.05 (0.93, 1.20)

1.12 (1.02, 1.23)

  Low-level non-manual employee

1.42 (1.23, 1.63)

1.38 (1.18, 1.63)

1.02 (0.90, 1.16)

1.14 (1.02, 1.25)

  Intermediate non-manual employee

1.30 (1.14, 1.48)

1.34 (1.15, 1.56)

0.99 (0.87, 1.12)

1.07 (0.97, 1.18)

  High-level non-manual employee (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Farmer

1.54 (1.35, 1.77)

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

0.84 (0.78, 0.00)

1.07 (0.96, 1.18)

IQ

  High (7–9) (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Medium (4–6)

1.50 (1.42, 1.58)

1.33 (1.25, 1.42)

1.10 (1.04, 1.17)

1.10 (1.05, 1.15)

  Low (1–3)

2.00 (1.87, 2.13)

1.77 (1.64, 1.91)

1.12 (1.03, 1.20)

1.18 (1.11, 1.24)

Health behaviors

  Smoking

1.48 (1.42, 1.55)

1.38 (1.31, 1.46)

1.12 (1.07, 1.18)

1.11 (1.07, 1.16)

  Risky use of alcohol

1.34 (1.27, 1.41)

1.26 (1.18, 1.35)

1.07 (1.01, 1.14)

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

  BMI ≥ 25

1.48 (1.37, 1.61)

1.12 (1.01, 1.25)

1.06 (0.96, 1.18)

1.00 (0.93, 1.10)

Low emotional control

1.36 (1.30, 1.43)

1.33 (1.25, 1.41)

0.97 (0.91, 1.02)

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

Psychiatric diagnosis

1.48 (1.38, 1.58)

1.45 (1.34, 1.57)

0.95 (0.87, 1.04)

0.97 (0.91, 1.03)

Musculoskeletal diagnosis

1.19 (1.12, 1.25)

1.05 (0.98, 1.13)

0.99 (0.92, 1.05)

1.01 (0.96, 1.06)

Inpatient-care psychiatric diagnosis

2.45 (2.64, 2.65)

1.75 (1.57, 1.95)

0.98 (0.86, 1.11)

1.01 (0.92, 1.12)

Employment histories

  Youth unemployment

1.45 (1.36, 1.54)

1.42 (1.32, 1.54)

1.07 (0.99, 1.16)

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

  Unemployed in young adulthood

1.69 (1.55, 1.83)

2.20 (2.01, 2.40)

1.01 (0.91, 1.13)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

  Unemployed in middle adulthood

1.68 (1.59, 1.77)

3.33 (3.14, 3.52)

0.93 (0.86, 1.00)

1.10 (1.05, 1.16)

  Unemployed in older adulthood

1.62 (1.51, 1.74)

6.29 (5.91, 6.69)

0.81 (0.73, 0.90)

1.31 (1.22, 1.40)

Sickness absence

  Long-term sickness absence in middle adulthood

2.97 (2.78, 3.18)

1.63 (1.49, 1.80)

1.00 (0.89, 1.12)

1.10 (1.01, 1.20)

  Long-term sickness absence in older adulthood

5.38 (5.12, 5.66)

1.80 (1.66, 1.94)

1.07 (0.98, 1.17)

1.20 (1.12, 1.28)

  1. SEP Socio-economic position, BMI Body mass index