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Table 3 Odds ratios from logistic regression for having a cumulative score of 24 or more

From: Sleep problems, sleep duration, and use of digital devices among primary school students in Japan

 

Unadjusted

Model of all variables

Model after Backward Elimination

OR

95% CI for OR

p

OR

95% CI for OR

p

OR

95% CI for OR

p

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Grade

            

1

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

2

1.04

0.88

1.23

0.635

0.99

0.84

1.17

0.907

0.99

0.84

1.18

0.927

3

0.85

0.73

1.01

0.062

0.79

0.66

0.93

0.005

0.79

0.67

0.93

0.006

4

0.85

0.72

1

0.053

0.74

0.62

0.89

0.001

0.75

0.63

0.89

0.001

5

0.81

0.68

0.96

0.013

0.66

0.55

0.79

< 0.001

0.66

0.55

0.79

< 0.001

6

0.76

0.64

0.89

0.001

0.58

0.48

0.7

< 0.001

0.58

0.48

0.69

< 0.001

Sex

            

boy

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

girl

1.15

1.04

1.27

0.005

1.21

1.1

1.34

< 0.001

1.21

1.09

1.33

< 0.001

Weekday sleep duration, hours

0.91

0.86

0.97

0.004

0.82

0.75

0.88

< 0.001

0.82

0.76

0.89

< 0.001

Weekend sleep duration, hours

1.07

1.01

1.13

0.023

1.17

1.09

1.25

< 0.001

1.16

1.09

1.25

< 0.001

Have their own digital device

            

No

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

Yes

1.13

1.03

1.25

0.012

1.13

1.01

1.27

0.034

1.11

1

1.23

0.058

Constantly checking his/her digital device

            

No

1

reference

  

1

reference

      

Yes

1.19

1.05

1.35

0.007

0.91

0.78

1.07

0.248

    

Using digital devices for more than 4 hours a day

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

      

Yes

1.26

1.08

1.48

0.004

0.94

0.78

1.13

0.515

    

Do you think your child is preoccupied with the Internet?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

      

Yes

1.46

1.33

1.61

< 0.001

1.12

0.98

1.27

0.092

    

Do you think your child needs to use the Internet with increasing amounts of time in order to achieve satisfaction?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

      

Yes

1.4

1.27

1.54

< 0.001

0.98

0.86

1.13

0.816

    

Do you think your child repeatedly makes unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop Internet use?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

Yes

1.58

1.42

1.76

< 0.001

1.13

0.98

1.31

0.097

1.15

1

1.32

0.058

Do you think your child feels restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop Internet use?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

Yes

1.74

1.55

1.95

< 0.001

1.43

1.24

1.65

< 0.001

1.48

1.29

1.7

< 0.001

Do you think your child stays on-line longer than originally intended?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

Yes

1.54

1.4

1.71

< 0.001

1.24

1.08

1.42

0.002

1.27

1.12

1.44

< 0.001

Do you think your child jeopardized or risked the loss of a significant relationship, educational, or extracurricular activities because of the Internet?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

      

Yes

1.77

1.29

2.42

< 0.001

1.2

0.86

1.68

0.278

    

Do you think your child lied to family members, a therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement with the Internet?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

      

Yes

1.46

1.23

1.72

< 0.001

1.09

0.9

1.31

0.368

    

Do you think your child uses the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or relieving a dysphoric mood?

            

No/Unknown

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

1

reference

  

Yes

1.66

1.34

2.08

< 0.001

1.26

0.99

1.6

0.059

1.3

1.03

1.64

0.027

  1. OR is an abbreviation for Odds ratio
  2. CI is an abbreviation for Confidence interval
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