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Table 2 Sleep problems, digital devices and YDQ by sex/grade

From: Sleep problems, sleep duration, and use of digital devices among primary school students in Japan

 

Sex

Grade 1

n = 1310

Grade 2

n = 1252

Grade 3

n = 1278

Grade 4

n = 1199

Grade 5

n = 1162

Grade 6

n = 1282

p-trend*

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Cumulative score of the brief sleep questionnaire for Japanese children ≥24

boy

370

61.7

362

64

331

54.8

327

57.2

299

54.1

308

54.8

< 0.001

girl

373

63.3

377

62.9

374

62.8

321

60

315

60.9

340

56.7

0.01

Having their own digital device (e.g. smartphone, tablet, PC)

boy

136

22.7

160

28.3

257

42.5

270

47.2

275

49.7

318

56.6

< 0.001

girl

136

23.1

186

31.1

271

45.5

281

52.5

328

63.4

387

64.5

< 0.001

Checking digital devices frequently

boy

50

8.3

65

11.5

101

16.7

106

18.5

133

24.1

174

31

< 0.001

girl

48

8.1

52

8.7

85

14.3

87

16.3

155

30

228

38

< 0.001

Using digital devices for more than 4 hours a day

boy

34

5.7

46

8.1

59

9.8

72

12.6

93

16.8

127

22.6

< 0.001

girl

23

3.9

35

5.8

38

6.4

42

7.9

72

13.9

107

17.8

< 0.001

Five or more checks on the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction

boy

89

14.8

85

15

116

19.2

137

24

139

25.1

165

29.4

< 0.001

girl

47

8

61

10.2

69

11.6

67

12.5

86

16.6

117

19.5

< 0.001

Do you think your child is preoccupied with the Internet?

boy

324

54

309

54.6

342

56.6

333

58.2

330

59.7

363

64.6

< 0.001

girl

237

40.2

262

43.7

281

47.1

246

46

281

54.4

340

56.7

< 0.001

Do you think your child needs to use the Internet with increasing amounts of time in order to achieve satisfaction?

boy

245

40.8

233

41.2

288

47.7

286

50

294

53.2

342

60.9

< 0.001

girl

192

32.6

220

36.7

224

37.6

239

44.7

276

53.4

339

56.5

< 0.001

Do you think your child repeatedly made unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop Internet use?

boy

180

30

168

29.7

191

31.6

213

37.2

217

39.2

240

42.7

< 0.001

girl

106

18

128

21.4

141

23.7

132

24.7

153

29.6

198

33

< 0.001

Do you think your child feels restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop Internet use?

boy

170

28.3

164

29

191

31.6

179

31.3

199

36

224

39.9

< 0.001

girl

89

15.1

107

17.9

118

19.8

98

18.3

115

22.2

142

23.7

< 0.001

Do you think your child stays on-line longer than originally intended?

boy

198

33

209

36.9

214

35.4

260

45.5

270

48.8

303

53.9

< 0.001

girl

133

22.6

176

29.4

172

28.9

181

33.8

198

38.3

261

43.5

0.001

Do you think your child jeopardized or risked the loss of a significant relationship, educational, or extracurricular activities because of the Internet?

boy

10

1.7

12

2.1

22

3.6

25

4.4

20

3.6

31

5.5

< 0.001

girl

2

0.3

7

1.2

11

1.8

13

2.4

14

2.7

32

5.3

< 0.001

Do you think your child lied to family members, a therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement with the Internet?

boy

46

7.7

50

8.8

61

10.1

75

13.1

82

14.8

113

20.1

< 0.001

girl

16

2.7

37

6.2

46

7.7

50

9.3

48

9.3

61

10.2

< 0.001

Do you think your child uses the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or relieving a dysphoric mood?

boy

22

3.7

20

3.5

42

7

43

7.5

48

8.7

57

10.1

< 0.001

girl

16

2.7

11

1.8

28

4.7

25

4.7

43

8.3

43

7.2

< 0.001

  1. *Cochrane Armitage trend test was done to examine grade trends