Table 2 Piecewise regression coefficients describing trends over time for prevalence, YLDs and deaths rate per 100,000 for both sexes by age groups for diarrhoeal diseases in the DRC from 1990–2019

Under 5

1.19 (-3.28, 5.66)

162.29 (132.21, 192.37)*

-61.76 (-73.30, -50.22)*

0.22 (-0.34, 0.77)

18.53 (15.18, 21.88)*

-6.82 (-8.16,-5.48)*

29.99 (25.04, 34.94)*

-25.39 (-26.76, -24.02)*

P-value

0.501

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.335

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

5 – 14 years

-6.03 (-9.02,-3.03)*

22.21 (18.93, 25.48)*

8.65 (6.55, 10.74)*

-0.70 (-1.10, -0.30)*

2.55 (2.16, 2.93)*

1.02 (0.78, 1.25)*

0.03 (-0.04, 0.10)

-0.08 (-0.13, -0.04)*

P-value

0.005

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.008

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.372

0.002

15 – 49 years

1.79 (1.09, 2.46)*

20.60 (16.01, 25.19)*

16.71 (14.15, 19.27)*

0.20 (0.13, 0.27)*

2.28 (1.76, 2.80)*

1.92 (1.64, 2.20)*

%1.%2(-0.04, 0.07)

-0.26 (-0.30, -0.22)*

P-value

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.629

 < 0.001

50 – 69 years

8.48 (6.76, 10.20)*

40.11 (31.10, 49.12)*

34.15 (28.29, 40.00)*

0.94 (0.75, 1.13)*

4.33 (3.37, 5.29)*

3.81 (3.20, 4.42)*

0.08 (-0.11, 0.27)

-2.72 (-2.88, -2.56)*

P-value

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.347

 < 0.001

 + 70 years

25.34 (23.58, 27.10)*

45.75 (39.56, 51.94)*

4.65 (2.56, 6.74)*

2.46 (2.24, 2.67)*

4.78 (4.22, 5.35)*

0.62 (0.38, 0.86)*

2.53 (1.36, 3.71)*

-11.58 (-13.27, -9.90)*

P-value

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

 < 0.001