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Table 1 Characteristics of births in Pennsylvania, 2009–2015

From: Prenatal healthcare after sentencing reform: heterogeneous effects for prenatal healthcare access and equity

 

PA

N = 999,503

PA Pre-Policy

N = 642,713

PA Post-Policy

N = 356,790

Prenatal care 1st trimester

Missing

711,431 (71.2%)

47,386 (4.7%)

449,983(70.0%)

31,783 (5.0%)

261,448(73.3%)

15,603 (4.4%)

Inadequate/no prenatal care

Intermediate

Adequate

Intensive

Missing

139,672 (14.0%)

395,932 (39.6%)

348,689 (34.9%)

42,358 (4.24%)

72,852 (7.3%)

92,755 (14.4%)

256,302 (39.9%)

216,933 (33.8%)

25,376 (4.0%)

51,347 (8.0%)

46,917 (13.1%)

139,630 (39.1%)

131,756 (36.9%)

16,982 (4.8%)

21,505 (6.0%)

Age

   

  < 19

  20–29

  30–39

  40 + 

  Missing

70,234 (7.0%)

504,862 (50.5%)

396,583 (39.7%)

27,824 (2.8%)

0

50,579 (7.9%)

327,159 (50.9%)

247,011 (38.4%)

17,964 (2.8%)

0

19,655 (5.5%)

177,703 (49.8%)

149,572 (41.9%)

9860 (2.8%)

0

Race/ethnicity

   

  Non-Hispanic White

  Non-Hispanic Black

  Hispanic

  American Indian & Alaska Native

  Asian & Pacific Islander

  Missing

700,537 (70.1%)

145,665 (14.6%)

99,651 (10.0%)

1483 (0.1%)

42,475 (4.3%)

9692 (1.0%)

452,299(70.4%)

94,440(14.7%)

62,699 (9.8%)

975 (0.2%)

26,578 (4.1%)

5722 (0.9%)

248,238 (69.6%)

51,225 (14.4%)

36,952 (10.3%)

508 (0.1%)

15,897 (4.4%)

3970 (1.1%)

Educational attainment

   

  < High school

  High school

  > High school

  Missing

139,940 (14.0%)

250,655 (25.1%)

599,468 (60.0%)

9440 (0.9%)

94,622 (14.7%)

161,667 (25.2%)

372,605 (59.0%)

379,645 (1.1%)

45,318 (12.7%)

88,988 (24.9%)

219,823 (61.6%)

2661 (0.8%)

Insurance status

   

  Medicaid

  Private Insurance

  Self-Pay

  Indian Health Service

  CHAMPUS/TRICARE

  Other Government

  Other

  Missing

317,573 (31.8%)

572,496 (57.3%)

49,711 (5.0%)

suppressed (< .1%)

188 (< .1%)

138 (< .1%)

27,214 (2.7%)

32,181 (3.2%)

203,769 (31.7%)

366,343 (57.0%)

32,795 (5.1%)

suppressed (< .1%)

102 (< .1%)

103 (< .1%)

18,614 (2.9%)

20,985 (3.3%)

113,804 (31.8%)

206,153 (57.8%)

16,916 (4.8%)

suppressed (< .1%)

86 (< .1%)

35 (< .1%)

8600 (2.4%)

11,196 (3.1%)

Married

585,652 (58.6%)

376,125 (58.5%)

209,527 (58.7%)

  Missing

0

0

0

County-level prison admissions per 1000 mean (SD)

0.12 (0.07)

0.13 (0.08)

0.12 (0.07)