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Table 2 Adjusted difference in opinions on effectiveness or adherence to prevention protocols associated with selected characteristics

From: Online survey of university students’ perception, awareness and adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures

Category

Variable

Protocol effectiveness (self)

Protocol effectiveness (others)

Protocol adherence (self)

Protocol adherence (others)

Consequences of protocol violation

Gender

Male

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Female

0.32 (0.16, 0.48)***

-0.22 (-0.40, -0.03)*

0.10 (-0.02, 0.23)

-0.07 (-0.21, 0.06)

0.27 (0.08, 0.46)**

Race

White

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Asian or Pacific Islander

0.48 (0.24, 0.71)***

0.01 (-0.27, 0.28)

-0.09 (-0.27, 0.09)

-0.05(-0.24, 0.15)

0.37 (0.10, 0.64)**

Other or multiracial

0.31 (0.08, 0.55)**

-0.02 (-0.29, 0.25)

-0.01 (-0.19, 0.16)

-0.07(-0.26, 0.12)

0.13 (-0.14, 0.40)

Residency

In state

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Out of state

0.19 (0.02, 0.36)*

-0.03 (-0.23, 0.17)

0.01 (-0.12, 0.13)

-0.04 (-0.18, 0.10)

0.19 (-0.01, 0.38)

International

0.16 (-0.15, 0.47)

0.18 (-0.17, 0.54)

-0.06 (-0.30, 0.17)

-0.06 (-0.31, 0.20)

0.27 (-0.09, 0.62)

College

Engineering

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Liberal Arts

-0.02 (-0.32, 0.28)

-0.16 (-0.51, 0.18)

0.06 (-0.16, 0.29)

-0.18 (-0.43, 0.07)

-0.10 (-0.44, 0.25)

Health and Human Sciences

-0.07 (-0.32, 0.19)

0.03 (-0.27, 0.32)

0.09 (-0.10, 0.28)

0.13 (-0.08, 0.34)

-0.04 (-0.33, 0.25)

Polytechnic Institute

-0.04 (-0.34, 0.25)

0.01 (-0.34, 0.35)

0.11 (-0.12, 0.34)

0.11 (-0.14, 0.36)

0.20 (-0.15, 0.54)

Science

0.03 (-0.25, 0.30)

-0.21 (-0.53, 0.11)

-0.02 (-0.23, 0.19)

-0.06 (-0.29, .017)

0.01 (-0.31, 0.33)

Other/more than one college

-0.24(-0.46, -0.03)*

-0.00(-0.25, 0.24)

-0.03 (-0.19, 0.13)

-0.01 (-0.18, 0.17)

-0.10 (-0.35, 0.14)

Class

Freshman

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Sophomore

0.21 (-0.03, 0.45)

0.02 (-0.25, 0.29)

0.16 (-0.02, 0.34)

0.04 (-0.15, 0.24)

0.11 (-0.16, 0.38)

Junior

0.33 (0.08, 0.58)*

-0.16 (-0.44, 0.13)

0.14 (-0.05, 0.33)

-0.07 (-0.27, 0.14)

0.10 (-0.19, 0.39)

Senior

0.30 (0.05, 0.55)*

-0.08 (-0.37, 0.21)

0.11 (-0.07, 0.30)

0.06 (-0.15, 0.26)

-0.07 (-0.36, 0.22)

Graduate student

0.58 (0.36, 0.81)***

-0.21 (-0.47, 0.05)

0.25 (0.08, 0.42)**

-0.03 (-0.21, 0.16)

0.26 (-0.001, 0.52)

Know someone with COVID-19

No

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Family

-0.03 (-0.38, 0.32)

-0.37 (-0.78, 0.04)

-0.12 (-0.38, 0.15)

-0.36 (-0.65, -0.07)*

0.22 (-0.18, 0.63)

Friend

-0.19 (-0.43, 0.04)

-0.44 (-0.70, -0.17)**

-0.10 (-0.27, 0.08)

-0.31 (-0.50, -0.12)**

-0.19 (-0.45, 0.08)

Self

-0.74 (-1.38, -0.10)*

-0.44 (-1.17, 0.30)

-0.71 (-1.19, -0.22)**

-0.42 (-0.95, 0.11)

-1.00 (-1.74, -0.26)**

Someone else

0.05 (-0.20, 0.29)

-0.29 (-0.57, -0.01)*

-0.06 (-0.25, 0.12)

-0.12 (-0.32, 0.08)

-0.11 (-0.39, 0.17)

Multiple categories

-0.11 (-0.33, 0.11)

-0.43 (-0.69, -0.18)**

-0.18 (-0.35, -0.01)*

-0.34 (-0.52, -0.16)***

-0.21 (-0.46, 0.05)

  1. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. N = 641 for protocol effectiveness (self), N = 641 for protocol effectiveness (others), N = 643 for protocol adherence (self), N = 640 for protocol adherence (others), N = 641 for consequences of protocol violation. Values are β (95% confidence interval) from adjusted linear regression models. Models include all variables shown in the table as main effect covariates. A higher value indicates an opinion consistent with a higher level of prevention