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Table 2 Raw mean level of preventive behaviour, risk perception, perceived effectiveness, and trust for the total sample and different educational groups by survey wave

From: Trends in educational disparities in preventive behaviours, risk perception, perceived effectiveness and trust in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

Survey wave

Baseline survey

Survey wave 2

Survey wave 3

Survey wave 4

P-Trendb

P-Trendb

(March 2020)

(May/June 2020)

(July/August 2020)

(August/October 2020)

(linear)

(quadratic)

Mean

95%-CI

P-valuea

Mean

95%-CI

P-valuea

Mean

95%-CI

P-valuea

Mean

95%-CI

P-valuea

  

Preventive behaviour

  Educational status

    Low

47.9

46.0–49.8

Ref

59.8

58.5–61.1

Ref

54.9

53.6–56.2

Ref

53.6

52.0–54.7

Ref

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

    Intermediate

50.1

49.1–51.1

0.031

62.1

61.3–63.0

0.002

55.4

54.5–56.4

0.516

53.6

52.7–54.6

0.749

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

    High

52.4

51.6–53.1

 < 0.001

63.6

62.9–64.3

 < 0.001

57.0

56.2–57.7

0.007

56.4

55.6–57.2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Total

51.2

50.6–51.8

 

62.4

61.9–63.0

 

56.1

55.5–56.6

 

55.0

54.4–55.5

 

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Risk perception

  Educational status

    Low

46.4

44.5–48.4

Ref

35.5

34.3–36.8

Ref

35.0

33.8–36.2

Ref

36.2

35.0–37.4

Ref

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

    Intermediate

49.3

48.1–50.4

0.009

38.5

37.5–39.5

 < 0.001

37.1

36.2–38.0

0.003

37.6

36.7–38.6

0.056

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

    High

52.0

51.2–52.7

 < 0.001

40.6

39.9–41.3

 < 0.001

38.8

38.1–39.5

 < 0.001

40.0

39.3–40.7

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Total

50.5

49.9–51.1

 

39.0

38.5–39.5

 

37.5

37.0–38.0

 

38.6

38.0–39.1

 

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Perceived effectiveness

  Educational status

    Low

78.4

76.5–80.3

Ref

64.0

62.6–65.4

Ref

59.8

58.4–61.2

Ref

49.9

48.6–51.3

Ref

 < 0.001

0.009

    Intermediate

80.2

79.1–81.3

0.103

62.8

51.7–63.8

0.146

57.3

56.3–58.4

0.006

46.9

45.9–47.9

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

    High

78.7

77.9–79.5

0.782

63.7

62.8–64.5

0.673

59.4

58.5–60.2

0.639

50.2

49.3–51.0

0.762

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Total

79.1

78.5–79.7

 

63.4

62.8–64.0

 

58.8

58.2–59.4

 

49.0

48.4–49.6

 

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Trust

  Educational status

    Low

72.8

70.8–74.8

Ref

68.1

66.7–69.5

Ref

68.8

67.3–70.2

Ref

65.0

63.5–66.4

Ref

 < 0.001

0.157

    Intermediate

72.3

71.2–73.5

0.649

67.2

66.2–68.2

0.265

67.3

66.2–68.3

0.087

64.0

63.0–65.1

0.288

 < 0.001

0.001

    High

72.6

71.8–73.3

0.784

68.5

67.7–69.2

0.661

68.7

67.9–69.5

0.970

66.5

65.7–67.3

0.066

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Total

72.5

71.9–73.1

 

68.0

67.4–68.5

 

68.2

67.7–68.8

 

65.4

64.8–66.0

 

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  1. a based on a t-test for mean level differences by educational status
  2. b based on random-effects model for testing linear and quadratic trend in outcome for each educational group separately
  3. Ref reference category
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BMC Public Health

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