From: Obesity- attributable costs of absenteeism among working adults in Portugal
Mixed Effect Negative Binomial Regression | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 (n = 8991) | Model 2 (n = 6932) | Model 3 (n = 8956) | Model 4 (n = 7906) | |
(BMI) | (BMI + Chronic Diseases) | (BMI + Lifestyle Habits) | (BMI + Chronic Diseases + Lifestyle Habits) | |
IRR (p-value) | IRR (p-value) | IRR (p-value) | IRR (p-value) | |
BMI | ||||
Normal Weight | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
- | - | - | - | |
Underweight | 1.18 (0.685) [0.52–2.67] | 1.33 (0.546) [0.53–3.35] | 1.13 (0.771) [0.50–2.55] | 1.34 (0.536) [0.53–3.37] |
Overweight | 1.14 (0.294) [0.89–1.46] | 0.97 (0.925) [0.75–1.30] | 1.14 (0.296) [0.89–1.46] | 1.01 (0.968) [0.76–1.33] |
Obese | 1.76 (0.001) [1.26–2.46] | 1.63 (0.012) [1.12–2.38] | 1.70 (0.002) [1.21–2.39] | 1.66 (0.009) [1.13–2.44] |
Time (years) | 1.11 (0.005) [1.03–1.20] | 1.18 (0.003) [1.06–1.32] | 1.11 (0.013) [1.02–1.20] | 1.14 (0.037) [1.001–1.28] |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - |
Female | 2.83 (< 0.001) [2.24–3.56] | 1.88 (< 0.001) [1.44–2.44] | 2.45 (< 0.001) [1.90–3.16] | 1.79 (< 0.001) [1.35–2.38] |
Age group | ||||
18–24 years | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - |
25–34 years | 2.24 (0.005) [1.27–3.94] | 2.01 (0.024) [1.09–3.68] | 2.32 (0.004) [1.32–4.08] | 2.05 (0.021) [1.12–3.76] |
35–44 years | 2.00 (0.013) [1.16–3.46] | 1.58 (0.123) [0.88–2.83] | 2.09 (0.008) [1.21–3.62] | 1.60 (0.116) [0.89–2.89] |
45–54 years | 2.07 (0.011) [1.18–3.60] | 1.37 (0.303) [0.75–2.50] | 2.20 (0.006) [1.26–3.53] | 1.40 (0.274) [0.76–2.58] |
55–64 years | 1.79 (0.059) [0.98–3.29] | 0.98 (0.953) [0.50–1.92] | 1.91 (0.038) [1.04–3.53] | 0.98 (0.962) [0.50–1.94] |
65 or more years | 1.64 (0.340) [0.59–4.57] | 1.06 (0.921) [0.32–3.53] | 1.61 (0.363) [0.58–4.49] | 0.98 (0.969) [0.29–3.24] |
NUTS II | ||||
Lisboa | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - |
Porto | 0.88 (0.421) [0.64–1.20] | 0.87 (0.447) [0.62–1.24] | 0.94 (0.715) [0.66–1.24] | 0.88 (0.460) [0.62–1.24] |
Centro | 1.02 (0.922) [0.72–1.44] | 1.04 (0.823) [0.71–1.54] | 1.02 (0.931) [0.72–1.44] | 1.01 (0.952) [0.69–1.49] |
Alentejo | 0.56 (0.038) [0.32–0.97] | 0.63 (0.144) [0.34–1.17] | 0.55 (0.034) [0.32–0.96] | 0.59 (0.089) [0.32–1.08] |
Algarve | 1.01 (0.982) [0.52–1.95] | 1.10 (0.806) [0.52–2.34] | 1.02 (0.947) [0.53–1.99] | 1.08 (0.837) [0.51–2.31] |
Azores | 0.57 (0.008) [0.37–0.86] | 0.60 (0.035) [0.38–0.97] | 0.58 (0.011) [0.38–0.88] | 0.59 (0.029) [0.37–0.95] |
Madeira | 0.54 (0.007) [0.35–0.84] | 0.52 (0.010) [0.32–0.86] | 0.57 (0.012) [0.36–0.88] | 0.51 (0.008) [0.31–0.84] |
Education level (years) | ||||
9 or less years | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - | 1 - |
10–12 years | 2.17 (< 0.001) [1.64–2.85] | 2.08 (< 0.001) [1.44–3.00] | 2.02 (< 0.001) [1.82–3.51] | 1.99 (< 0.001) [1.46–2.71] |
13 or more years | 2.67 (< 0.001) [1.93–3.70] | 2.10 (< 0.001) [1.54–2.85] | 2.53 (< 0.001) [1.82–3.51] | 2.06 (< 0.001) [1.41–2.99] |
Chronic Diseases | ||||
Mental | - | 2.63 (< 0.001) [1.75–3.94] | - | 2.49 (< 0.001) [1.66–3.75] |
Rheumatic | - | 2.94 (< 0.001) [2.07–4.18] | - | 2.98 (< 0.001) [2.10–4.24] |
Cancer | - | 6.58 (< 0.001) [2.81–15.38] | - | 6.43 (< 0.001) [2.76–14.98] |
Allergies | - | 1.35 (0.057) [0.99–1.84] | - | 1.33 (0.074) [0.97–1.81] |
Gastrointestinal | - | 1.67 (0.013) [1.11–2.52] | - | 1.69 (0.012) [1.12–2.54] |
Lung disease | - | 2.86 (0.003) [1.44–5.67] | - | 2.85 (0.003) [1.43–5.64] |
Renal Colic | - | 2.57 (< 0.001) [1.52–4.36] | - | 2.56 (< 0.001) [1.52–4.34] |
Alcohol | ||||
Never | - | - | 1 - | 1 - |
Daily | - | - | 0.50 (< 0.001) [0.35–0.70] | 0.63 (0.026) [0.42–0.95] |
Occasionally | - | - | 0.68 (0.003) [0.53–0.87] | 0.81 (0.137) [0.61–1.07] |
Smoking habits | ||||
Never | - | - | 1 - | 1 - |
Daily | - | - | 1.33 (0.042) [1.01–1.75] | 1.34 (0.061) [0.99–1.82] |
Occasionally | - | - | 0.55 (0.078) [0.28–1.07] | 0.77 (0.486) [0.36–1.62] |
In the past | - | - | 1.61 (0.011) [1.12–2.33] | 2.01 (0.003) [1.26–3.21] |
Regular Exercise | ||||
No | - | - | 1 - | 1 - |
Yes | - | - | 0.74 (0.008) [0.60–0.92] | 0.79 (0.070) [1.26–3.21] |