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Table 4 Dissemination strategies identified

From: Dissemination and implementation strategies for physical activity guidelines among adults with disability, chronic conditions, and pregnancy: a systematic scoping review

Record

Guideline

RQ1: Strategy

RQ2: Evaluation

RQ3: Outcomes

ROB

Type

Description

DISSEMINATION PROCESS STRATEGIES (n = 6)

  Antflick (2014) [40]

Formulation of evidence-based messages to promote the use of physical activity to prevent and manage Alzheimer’s disease (2017) [3]

Formative research

End-users provided feedback on the usefulness of the recommendation statement

Cross-sectional survey

Participants felt the toolkit provided appropriate information to help older adults become more active (4.21/5), useful info for people with Alzheimer’s disease or who want to prevent Alzheimer’s disease (4.14/5), clear info on the benefits of PA for preventing (4/5) and managing (3.93/5) Alzheimer’s disease

Seriousc

  Antflick (n.d.) [41]

Formulation of evidence-based messages to promote the use of physical activity to prevent and manage Alzheimer’s disease (2017) [3]

Formative research

Physicians provided feedback on the usefulness of the recommendation statement

Cross-sectional survey

Participants felt neutral regarding confidence that a client with Alzheimer’s disease could engage in enough PA to meet current guidelines (3/5); given the opportunity they would use the messaging statement to recommend PA (4/5); majority felt the toolkit provides useful information for HCP (4.8/5) and is appropriate for all community dwelling adults with Alzheimer’s disease (4.4/5)

Seriousc

  Latimer-Cheung (2013) [42]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Formative research

Agenda for meeting with objectives to produce recommendations for format and content of toolkit to supplement PA guidelines for people with MS, and propose toolkit dissemination strategies

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Latimer-Cheung & Martin Ginis (n.d.) [44]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Formative research

Describes the development process of e-modules to enhance dissemination and uptake of the MS guidelines

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Shirazipour (2013) [43]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Formative research

Meeting minutes from consensus panel to develop and disseminate an evidence-based toolkit to inform adults of the guidelines and teach them to make smart, informed choices about PA and goal setting (topics included format and use of photos, etc.)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Latimer-Cheung (2013) [45]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Formative research

Engaging and informing stakeholders throughout the development and dissemination of the MS Get Fit Toolkit

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

DISSEMINATION STRATEGIES (n = 49)

  Clark et al. (2017) [52]

Too Fit to Fracture (2014) [11]

Distribution of guideline materials

Too Fit to Fracture recommendation summary was mailed to each physician/NP prior to interviews

Cross-sectional

focus groups and semi-structured interviews

23.7% of participants had prior awareness of the Too Fit to Fracture recommendations

Seriousc

  Osteoporosis Canada (n.d.-b) [75]

Too Fit to Fracture (2014) [11]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet, tips, guides, resources)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Diabetes Canada (n.d.-a) [49]

Physical Activity and Diabetes (2018) [2]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (Fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Diabetes Canada (n.d.-g) [55]

Physical Activity and Diabetes (2018) [2]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (interactive tools and resources)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

aCampbell (2019) [51]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Distribution of guideline materials

A series of 9 Twitter posts sharing the scientific report for professionals

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

a Campbell & Winter-Stone (2019) [50]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Distribution of guideline materials

Podcast discussing and providing a link to the scientific report for professionals

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  American College of Sports Medicine (2019a) [56]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet, poster)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  American College of Sports Medicine (2018) [57]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (infographic, fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Exercise is Medicine (n.d.-a) [73]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (infographic)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre (2016) [58]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet with guideline information and frequently asked questions and answers)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Trillium Health Partners (n.d.) [59]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Cancer Care Ontario (n.d.-a) [61]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (posters)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Cancer Care Ontario (n.d.-b) [60]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Cancer Care Ontario (n.d.-c) [62]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (2011a) [8]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (2011b) [53]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (key messages about the guidelines)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (2011c) [54]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet, print pamphlet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (2018) [74]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Distribution of guideline materials

Scientific statement

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (2019a) [66]

Scientific Exercise Guidelines for Adults with SCI (2017) [9]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet, frequently asked questions and answers)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (2019b) [67]

Scientific Exercise Guidelines for Adults with SCI (2017) [9]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (n.d.-a) [68]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet, frequently asked questions and answers)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (n.d.-b) [48]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Distribution of guideline materials

Scientific statement

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  MS Society of Canada (n.d.-b) [69]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement presented within the MS Get Fit Toolkit

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Maclaren (2018) [65]

Canadian Guideline for Physical Activity Throughout Pregnancy (2019) [1]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Ontario Brain Institute (2014a) [63]

Formulation of evidence-based messages to promote the use of physical activity to prevent and manage Alzheimer’s disease (2017) [3]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Grimes et al. (2019) [64]

Physical Activity and Parkinson’s Disease (2012) [12]

Distribution of guideline materials

Scientific statement and public facing statement (poster, fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Parkinson Canada (2018) [71]

Physical Activity and Parkinson’s Disease (2012) [12]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Parkinson Canada (2015) [70]

Physical Activity and Parkinson’s Disease (2012) [12]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Parkinson Society Canada (2012) [12]

Physical Activity and Parkinson’s Disease (2012) [12]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (fact sheet)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Parkinson Canada (n.d.-a) [72]

Physical Activity and Parkinson’s Disease (2012) [12]

Distribution of guideline materials

Public facing statement (educational resources, fact sheets)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Hutchinson (2020) [81]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Mass media/communications campaign

Online article in The Globe and Mail

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

aCampbell (2019) [51]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Mass media/communications campaign

A series of 9 Twitter posts sharing the scientific report for professionals (discusses evidence review etc.)

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

aCampbell & Winter-Stone (2019) [50]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Mass media/communications campaign

Podcast discussing the scientific report for professionals

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Reynolds (2019) [82]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Mass media/communications campaign

Online article in The New York Times

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Devlin (2019) [80]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7]

Mass media/communications campaign

CTV news article

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology [@csep_scpe] (2019)[78]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7] + Canadian Guideline for Physical Activity Throughout Pregnancy (2019) [1]

Mass media/communications campaign

Social media (Instagram) posts about new guideline release

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology [@CSEPdotCA] (2019) [77]

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) [7] + Canadian Guideline for Physical Activity Throughout Pregnancy (2019) [1]

Mass media/communications campaign

Social media (Twitter) posts about new guideline release

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Segal (2017) [83]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Mass media/communications campaign

Powerpoint presentation for professionals about the guidelines

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Cancer Care Ontario (2015) [79]

Exercise for People with Cancer (2015) [6]

Mass media/communications campaign

Event catering to multidisciplinary stakeholders to better understand the recommendations and provide input

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Shirazipour et al. (2019) [90]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Education

Participants were surveyed on the impact of CMCL sessions on their knowledge of the guideline and the perceived utility of event-based interventions to enhance guideline knowledge

One arm, pre-post intervention

using surveys

Initial guideline awareness was 17.8% for HCP and 8.9% for trainees. Of those who were aware, initially 4.3% of HCP and 15.1% of trainees could accurately recall the guideline

NS differences in HCP awareness or recall from pre-to-post or from pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up. Significant decrease in HCP awareness from post-intervention to 1-month follow-up (p < 0.001)

Significant increase in trainee awareness from pre-to-post and post intervention to 1-month follow up, but significant decrease in trainee awareness from post intervention to 6-month follow up (p < 0.001). Trainee recall significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention (p < 0.001)

Seriousb

  Smith et al. (2015) [91]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Education

Playing an evidence-based story about the process of becoming active following SCI

Cross sectional;

inductive thematic analysis conducted on semi-structured telephone interviews

Participant groups felt the narrative tool was highly effective in communicating synthesized information to the right people, getting info across and providing good info about PA. They all felt the stories were authentic, relevant, accurate, truthful and credible

Seriousc

  Lithopoulos et al. (2017) [89]

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults with MS (2013) [10]

Education

Examination of the effects of risk information, and gain-framed or loss-framed messages on perceptions of the messages and levels of PA

RCT using surveys (message perceptions, attitudes about the guidelines, intention to meet guidelines, LTPAQ-SCI, Adapted Exercise Self-efficacy Scale)

NS difference in message perceptions or intention to meet PA guidelines over the next 2 weeks. Participants overall engaged in more minutes/week of PA (+ 8.91; p = 0.01) and reported greater response efficacy to meet the guidelines (p = .001) post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Those who received risk information reported more PA than those who did not (p = 0.02). NS difference was seen in task efficacy to meet the guidelines

Highb

  Ma et al. (2018) [92]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Education

Document to teach HCPs about promoting the guidelines

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  SCI Action Canada (n.d.-a) [93]

SCI Exercise Guidelines (2011) [8]

Education

Education for end-users on how to meet guideline recommendations

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Osteoporosis Canada (n.d.-a) [94]

Too Fit to Fracture (2014) [11]

Education

Education on how to meet guideline recommendations

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Diabetes Canada (n.d.-b) [85]

Physical Activity and Diabetes (2018) [2]

Education

Education on how to meet guideline recommendations via introductory-level resistance training

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Diabetes Canada (n.d.-c) [86]

Physical Activity and Diabetes (2018) [2]

Education

Education on how to meet guideline recommendations via aerobic exercise

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Diabetes Canada (n.d.-e) [87]

Physical Activity and Diabetes (2018) [2]

Education

Education on walking

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  Diabetes Canada (n.d.-f) [88]

Physical Activity and Diabetes (2018) [2]

Education

Education on resistance training

N/A

N/A

N/Ad

  1. *FAQ Frequently Asked Questions, HCP Healthcare Professionals, MS Multiple Sclerosis, NS Non-significant, PA Physical Activity, SCI Spinal Cord Injury
  2. a in more than 1 strategy category
  3. b Experimental
  4. c Observational
  5. d N/A