Table 3 Logistic Regression Output (Profile 1 = Referent)
Likelihood of Being Classified into Profile 2 | ||||
Variable | RRR | SE | p | 95% CI |
Gender | - | - | - | - |
  Male (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Female | 1.36 | 0.30 | .155 | 0.89 – 2.08 |
  Non-binary | 0.40 | 0.32 | .251 | 0.09 – 1.90 |
  Transgender | 2.44 | 3.73 | .559 | 0.12 – 48.77 |
Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin (yes = ref) | 0.63 | 0.27 | .276 | 0.28 – 1.45 |
Race | - | - | - | - |
  White (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Black or African American | 1.28 | 0.41 | .206 | 0.20 – 1.42 |
  American Indian or Alaska Native* | - | - | - | - |
  Asian | 1.03 | 0.39 | .947 | 0.49 – 2.16 |
  Multiple races | 0.53 | 0.27 | .206 | 0.20 – 1.42 |
  Other | 1.40 | 1.71 | .781 | 0.13 – 15.36 |
Age (years) | 0.99 | 0.01 | .362 | 0.98 – 1.01 |
Education Level | - | - | - | - |
  No diploma (did not finish high school) | 0.67 | 0.64 | .674 | 0.10 – 4.36 |
  High school graduate, GED, or equivalent | 1.44 | 0.50 | .287 | 0.73 – 2.83 |
  Some college, no degree | 1.19 | 0.30 | .506 | 0.72 – 1.96 |
  Associate degree or bachelor’s degree (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Master’s degree | 0.80 | 0.25 | .475 | 0.43 – 1.49 |
  Professional or doctoral degree | 0.94 | 0.61 | .919 | 0.26 – 3.36 |
Residence | - | - | - | - |
  A large city (> 250,000 people) (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  A midsized city (100,000 to 249,999 people) | 0.67 | 0.64 | .674 | 0.10 – 4.36 |
  A large town (25,000 to 99,999 people) | 1.91 | 0.57 | .030 | 1.06 – 3.45 |
  A small town (2,500 to 24,999 people) | 0.89 | 0.28 | .702 | 0.48 – 1.64 |
  A suburb of a large city | 1.44 | 0.50 | .295 | 0.73 – 2.83 |
  A rural area (non-farm) | 0.82 | 0.39 | .678 | 0.33 – 2.07 |
  A rural area (farm) | 0.40 | 0.41 | .377 | 0.05 – 3.06 |
Religious Commitment (1: Low to 10: High) | 1.05 | 0.04 | .226 | 0.97 – 1.13 |
Political Orientation (1: Liberal to 10: Conservative) | 1.41 | 0.10 |  < .001 | 1.23 – 1.63 |
Political Party | - | - | - | - |
  Republican (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Democrat | 1.30 | 0.62 | .575 | 0.52 – 3.29 |
  Other | 1.59 | 0.68 | .284 | 0.68 – 3.68 |
Area of Employment | - | - | - | - |
  Medicine (e.g., physician, nurse, physician assistant) (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Behavioral health (e.g., social worker, counselor, psychologist) | 0.79 | 0.55 | .732 | 0.20 – 3.12 |
  First responder (e.g., law enforcement, fire, EMS) | 1.25 | 1.63 | .866 | 0.10 – 16.07 |
  Pharmacy (e.g., pharmacist, pharmacy technician) | 1.26 | 1.36 | .831 | 0.15 – 10.47 |
  Community service (e.g., parks and recreation, librarian, bus driver, or another public-facing role) | 1.02 | 0.62 | .980 | 0.31 – 3.33 |
  Currently unemployed | 0.70 | 0.31 | .428 | 0.29 – 1.68 |
  None of the above | 0.88 | 0.41 | .782 | 0.35 – 2.18 |
Received prior training about prescription drug abuse (yes = ref) | 1.14 | 0.33 | .649 | 0.64 – 2.03 |
Received educational training about naloxone (Narcan) (yes = ref) | 1.92 | 0.69 | .069 | 0.95 – 3.87 |
Use of opioids in the past month (non-medical) | - | - | - | - |
  Never (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Once or twice | 0.95 | 0.72 | .947 | 0.22 – 4.18 |
  Monthly* | - | - | - | - |
  Weekly | 0.41 | 0.58 | .532 | 0.03 – 6.60 |
  Daily or almost daily* | - | - | - | - |
Use of any drug by injection in the past month (non-medical) | - | - | - | - |
  No, never (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Yes, at least once in the past 6 months | 2.04 | 5.49 | .792 | 0.01 – 401.28 |
Ever received naloxone to reverse an overdose (yes = ref) | 3.20 | 4.12 | .367 | 0.26 – 39.87 |
Ever personally witnessed an opioid overdose (yes = ref) | 0.96 | 0.38 | .917 | 0.44 – 2.07 |
Trust in Science (1: Low to 5: High) | 0.36 | 0.08 |  < .001 | 0.24 – 0.54 |
Likelihood of Being Classified into Profile 3 | ||||
Variable | RRR | SE | p | 95% CI |
Gender | - | - | - | - |
  Male (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Female | 1.76 | 0.52 | .059 | 0.98 – 3.15 |
  Non-binary | 0.83 | 1.01 | .876 | 0.08 – 9.04 |
  Transgender | 0.00 | 0.01 | .996 | - |
Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin (yes = ref) | 0.24 | 0.12 | .005 | 0.09 – 0.66 |
Race | - | - | - | - |
  White (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Black or African American | 1.04 | 0.46 | .936 | 0.44 – 2.45 |
  American Indian or Alaska Native* | - | - | - | - |
  Asian | 1.09 | 0.58 | .871 | 0.39 – 3.08 |
  Multiple races | 0.65 | 0.48 | .560 | 0.16 – 2.73 |
  Other | 1.83 | 2.50 | .657 | 0.13 – 26.46 |
Age (years) | 0.98 | 0.01 | .218 | 0.96 – 1.01 |
Education Level | - | - | - | - |
  No diploma (did not finish high school) | 0.93 | 1.11 | .948 | 0.09 – 9.78 |
  High school graduate, GED, or equivalent | 3.32 | 1.43 | .005 | 1.43 – 7.71 |
  Some college, no degree | 1.88 | 0.66 | .071 | 0.95 – 3.73 |
  Associate degree or bachelor’s degree (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Master’s degree | 1.34 | 0.64 | .532 | 0.53 – 3.40 |
  Professional or doctoral degree | 0.61 | 0.72 | .676 | 0.06 – 6.04 |
Residence | - | - | - | - |
  A large city (> 250,000 people) (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  A midsized city (100,000 to 249,999 people) | 1.28 | 0.53 | .550 | 0.57 – 2.87 |
  A large town (25,000 to 99,999 people) | 1.76 | 0.75 | .185 | 0.76 – 4.04 |
  A small town (2,500 to 24,999 people) | 1.09 | 0.48 | .848 | 0.46 – 2.59 |
  A suburb of a large city | 1.25 | 0.62 | .648 | 0.48 – 3.28 |
  A rural area (non-farm) | 1.02 | 0.67 | .974 | 0.28 – 3.69 |
  A rural area (farm) | 1.12 | 1.42 | .930 | 0.93 – 13.39 |
Religious Commitment (1: Low to 10: High) | 1.01 | 0.05 | .899 | 0.91 – 1.12 |
Political Orientation (1: Liberal to 10: Conservative) | 1.39 | 0.73 |  < .001 | 1.35 – 1.95 |
Political Party | - | - | - | - |
  Republican (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Democrat | 2.25 | 1.34 | .172 | 0.70 – 7.23 |
  Other | 1.39 | 0.73 | .537 | 0.49 – 3.91 |
Area of Employment | - | - | - | - |
  Medicine (e.g., physician, nurse, physician assistant) (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Behavioral health (e.g., social worker, counselor, psychologist) | 0.59 | 0.58 | .589 | 0.09 – 4.01 |
  First responder (e.g., law enforcement, fire, EMS) | 2.48 | 3.73 | .547 | 0.13 – 47.26 |
  Pharmacy (e.g., pharmacist, pharmacy technician) | - | - | - | - |
  Community service (e.g., parks and recreation, librarian, bus driver, or another public-facing role) | 0.40 | 0.36 | .312 | 0.07 – 2.37 |
  Currently unemployed | 0.54 | 0.33 | .309 | 0.17 – 1.76 |
  None of the above |  |  |  |  |
Received prior training about prescription drug abuse (yes = ref) | 1.02 | 0.40 | .968 | 0.47 – 2.21 |
Received educational training about naloxone (Narcan) (yes = ref) | 3.37 | 1.83 | .025 | 1.16 – 9.77 |
Use of opioids in the past month (non-medical) | - | - | - | - |
  Never (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Once or twice | 4.79 | 3.99 | .060 | 0.94 – 24.52 |
  Monthlya | - | - | - | - |
  Weeklya | - | - | - | - |
  Daily or almost dailya | - | - | - | - |
Use of any drug by injection in the past month (non-medical) | - | - | - | - |
  No, never (ref) | - | - | - | - |
  Yes, at least once in the past 6 monthsa | - | - | - | - |
Ever received naloxone to reverse an overdose (yes = ref)a | - | - | - | - |
Ever personally witnessed an opioid overdose (yes = ref) | 1.14 | 0.65 | .816 | 0.37 – 3.50 |
Trust in Science (1: Low to 5: High) | 0.21 | 0.06 |  < .001 | 0.12 – 0.36 |