Table 1 Description of family socio-demographic, maternal mental health, pregnancy and child, postnatal and MCHAT score variables by screen exposure on survey-weighted data (%), ELFE cohort, France, 2011–2013
Variables | Tv/computer/tablet/smartphone use (N = 12 950) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family socio-demographic characteristics | Rarely/never (1714) | Monthly (N = 521) | Weekly N = 2517) | Daily (N = 8198) | P-value |
Maternal age: ≥ 30 years | 55.7% | 59.6% | 59.8% | 49.8% | < .0001 |
Paternal age: ≥ 30 years | 67.6% | 73.4% | 72.9% | 71.1% | < .0001 |
Mother born in France | 88.3% | 89.8% | 86.3% | 80.8% | < .0001 |
Father born in France | 87.3% | 87.4% | 86.8% | 80.5% | < .0001 |
Mother’s educational level | < .0001 | ||||
No diploma | 6.1% | 2.0% | 6.8% | 10.1% | |
< Bachelor’s degree | 38.9% | 29.0% | 30.3% | 45.1% | |
Bachelor’s degree | 16.6% | 18.4% | 20.8% | 19.9% | |
≥ Master’s degree | 38.4% | 50.5% | 42.0% | 24.9% | |
Number of children in the household | < .0001 | ||||
1 child | 42.5% | 46.5% | 40.0% | 44.4% | |
2–3 children | 51.0% | 50.5% | 53.5% | 48.4% | |
≥ 4 children | 51.0% | 50.5% | 53.5% | 48.4% | |
Maternal residential area | < .0001 | ||||
Greater Paris Region | 19.9% | 23.7% | 20.6% | 19.5% | |
Paris and suburbs | 19.4% | 16.2% | 15.2% | 18.5% | |
North-West | 5.1% | 3.6% | 5.9% | 7.9% | |
East | 7.7% | 6.9% | 7.8% | 9.0% | |
West | 16.5% | 16.9% | 16.5% | 13.3% | |
South-West | 8.4% | 6.4% | 9.7% | 8.3% | |
Centre-East | 12.2% | 16.0% | 11.5% | 10.9% | |
South-East | 10.8% | 10.4% | 12.8% | 12.7% | |
Paternal residential area | < .0001 | ||||
Greater Paris Region | 19.8% | 23.5% | 20.7% | 19.4% | |
Paris Basin | 19.6% | 16.3% | 15.1% | 18.5% | |
North-West | 5.1% | 3.6% | 5.9% | 7.9% | |
East | 7.7% | 6.9% | 7.8% | 9.0% | |
West | 16.5% | 16.9% | 16.8% | 13.2% | |
South-West | 8.4% | 6.4% | 9.6% | 8.4% | |
Centre-East | 12.2% | 16.0% | 11.5% | 10.9% | |
South-East | 10.8% | 10.4% | 12.7% | 12.6% | |
Household monthly income | < .0001 | ||||
< 1,423 euros | 9.1% | 5.0% | 8.1% | 1.5% | |
1,423–1,996 euros | 7.4% | 8.2% | 6.7% | 8.3% | |
> 1,996 euros | 83.4% | 86.8% | 85.1% | 76.7% | |
Maternal depression | 12.1% | 10.8% | 13.0% | 15.3% | < .0001 |
Pregnancy and child characteristics | |||||
Child’s sex (female) | 48.2% | 54.0% | 47.8% | 49.8% | < .0001 |
Child’s age at interview | < .0001 | ||||
≤ 24 months | 19.4% | 19.3% | 18.9% | 18.3% | |
25 months | 29.2% | 34.7% | 34.0% | 33.6% | |
26 months | 25.4% | 27.7% | 28.2% | 27.5% | |
> 26 months | 25.9% | 18.3% | 19.7% | 20.6% | |
Twin birth | 6.0% | 3.3% | 2.3% | 3.1% | < .0001 |
Season of birth | < .0001 | ||||
Spring | 18.7% | 25.1% | 22.6% | 22.0% | |
Summer | 31.1% | 29.4% | 27.8% | 24.9% | |
Autumn | 25.0% | 18.7% | 24.9% | 27.8% | |
Winter | 25.3% | 26.8% | 24.6% | 25.3% | |
Premature birth (< 37 weeks of gestation) | 5.1% | 7.0% | 5.0% | 5.2% | < .0001 |
Birth weight for gestational age | < .0001 | ||||
Small (< 10 percentile) | 3.5% | 3.7% | 1.5% | 2.2% | |
Average (10–90 percentile) | 93.6% | 94.0% | 95.3% | 95.0% | |
Large (> 90 percentile) | 2.8% | 2.2% | 3.1% | 2.8% | |
Apgar score (good) | 98.4% | 99.9% | 99.1% | 98.6% | < .0001 |
Postnatal characteristics | |||||
Childcare arrangements | < .0001 | ||||
Parents or family member | 39.8% | 28.1% | 32.1% | 46.5% | |
Centre-based care | 22.2% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 18.1% | |
Nanny or professional | 38.0% | 47.1% | 43.1% | 35.3% | |
Activities with the child | < .0001 | ||||
≤ 4 activities | 7.5% | 83.7% | 69.6% | 7.1% | |
5–6 activities | 16.6% | 15.1% | 15.5% | 16.6% | |
7–8 activities | 25.4% | 25.4% | 27.8% | 28.0% | |
≥ 9 activities | 50.4% | 51.1% | 49.7% | 48.3% | |
Risk of ASD | < .0001 | ||||
Low | 77.3% | 77.9% | 78.0% | 75.2% | |
Intermediate | 21.4% | 21.3% | 21.3% | 23.9% | |
High | 1.2% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.9% | |