Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

Table 4 Ordinal logistic regression modes of body composition status by gender and age groups

		Female		Male
Age (years)	Body composition status	Regular exercise- < 3/week Odds (95% CI)	Regular exercise- ≥ 3/week Odds (95% CI)	Regular exercise- < 3/week Odds (95% CI)	Regular exercise- ≥ 3/week Odds (95% CI)
45 to 64	Reference = normal body composition	Reference = no regular exercise		Reference = no regular exercise
	Obesity only	0.66***(0.55, 0.79)	0.40***(0.33, 0.47)	0.64**(0.48, 0.86)	0.66***(0.55, 0.79)
	Sarcopenia only	0.77 (0.52, 1.14)	0.76* (0.59, 0.98)	0.75 (0.51, 1.09)	0.71* (0.56, 0.79)
	Sarcopenic obesity	0.50**(0.33, 0.47)	0.32*(0.24, 0.42)	0.43*(0.21, 0.86)	0.56*(0.39, 0.80)
≥ 65	Reference = normal body composition	Reference = no regular exercise		Reference = no regular exercise
	Obesity only	0.64 (0.37, 1.09)	0.39***(0.28, 0.54)	1.36 (0.60, 3.12)	0.49** (0.31, 0.78)
	Sarcopenia only	1.36 (0.64, 2.92)	1.04 (0.63, 1.71)	1.01 (0.30, 3.38)	0.84 (0.43, 1.62)
	Sarcopenic obesity	0.55 (0.24, 1.29)	0.52**(0.32, 0.85)	0.63 (0.15, 2.58)	0.38*(0.18, 0.80)

Models were adjusted for age in years, race/ethnicity, calcium supplement intake, smoking status, alcohol drinking, milk consumption, and at least 15 min sun exposure a day, plus postmenopausal in females
Regular exercise: “no regular exercise” as the reference group; Odds = Odds ratio
* < 0.05. ** < 0.01 *** < 0.001
Note: Obesity was defined as met one or more of the following criteria: 1) BMI ≥ 30, 2) % Fat (> 42 for female, > 30 for male), or 3) waist circumference (≥ 88 cm for female, ≥ 102 cm for male). Sarcopenia was defined as grip strength < 16 kg and skeletal muscle index < 5.5 for female, and grip strength < 27 kg and skeletal muscle index < 7 for male

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