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Table 3 Linear regression models of physical activity with sarcopenia related traits by gender and age groups

From: Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

  

Female

Male

Age (years)

Variables

Regular exercise- < 3/week b (95% CI)

Regular exercise- ≥ 3/week b

(95% CI)

Regular exercise- < 3/week

b (95% CI)

Regular exercise-

 ≥ 3/week

b (95% CI)

45 to 64

Model 1

Reference = no regular exercise

Reference = no regular exercise

 Whole body lean mass

-0.90*(-1.63, -0.18)

-0.84**(-1.31, -0.37)

0.38 (-0.67, 1.42)

-0.59*(-1.24, 0.06)

 ASM

-0.39 (-0.77, 0.01)

-0.33** (-0.58, -0.08)

-0.27 (-0.63, 0.10)

0.17 (-0.43, 0.77)

 SMI

-0.23 (-0.37, -0.09)

-0.16*** (-0.11, -0.22)

-0.08 (-0.19, 0.02)

0.03 (-0.36, 0.20)

 Grip strength

0.18 (-0.61, 0.98)

0.26 (-0.25, 0.78)

1.36**(0.59, 2.13)

1.78**(0.54, 3.02)

Model 2

Reference = no regular exercise

Reference = no regular exercise

 Whole body lean mass

0.31 (-0.04, 0.66)

1.12***(0.89, 1.34)

0.65* (0.13, 1.56)

0.67***(0.35, 0.99)

 ASM

0.57 (0.28, 0.87)

0.46*** (0.27, 0.87)

0.23* (0.05, 0.43)

0.71*** (0.58, 0.83)

 SMI

-0.03 (-0.11, 0.49)

0.16***(0.10, 0.21)

0.13 (-0.10, 2.72)

0.10*** (0.82, 2.57)

 Grip strength

0.57 (-0.34, 1.47)

0.68**(0.11, 1.26)

1.31* (0.13, 2.94)

1.70**(0.93, 2.67)

 ≥ 65

Model 1

Reference = no regular exercise

Reference = no regular exercise

 Whole body lean mass

-1.99**(-3.38, -0.61)

-2.03**(-2.87, -1.19)

-0.54 (-3.41, 2.34)

-1.99*(-3.60, -0.39)

 ASM

-0.78***(-1.19, -0.37)

-0.96**(-1.63, -0.28)

0.38 (-1.39, 0.11)

0.17 (-1.18, 1.52)

 SMI

-0.36** (-0.37, -0.21)

-0.37*** (-0.11, -0.12)

-0.08 (-0.45, 0.30)

-0.22* (-0.43, -0.01)

 Grip strength

-0.10 (-1.66, 1.46)

0.10 (-0.84, 1.05)

2.11 (-1.57, 5.78)

0.62 (-1.44, 2.68)

Model 2

Reference = no regular exercise

Reference = no regular exercise

 Whole body lean mass

0.14 (-0.52, 1.81)

0.55**(0.14, 0.96)

-0.54 (-1.72, 0.63)

0.91**(0.23, 1.57)

 ASM

0.03 (-0.33, 0.39)

0.42*** (0.19, 0.64)

0.12 (-0.58, 0.83)

0.63** (0.23, 1.03)

 SMI

-0.03 (-0.04, 0.14)

0.05 (-0.17, 0.12)

-0.09 (-0.07, 0.23)

0.08 (-0.36, 0.17)

 Grip strength

0.27 (-0.27, 0.73)

0.63 (-0.32, 1.81)

2.42 (-1.57, 5.78)

1.90 (-0.09, 3.89)

  1. In model 1, age in years, race/ethnicity, calcium supplement intake, smoking status, alcohol drinking, milk consumption, and at least 15 min sun exposure a day, plus postmenopausal in females. In model 2, in addition to variables adjusted in model 1, body weight was adjusted
  2. Note: BMI = Body mass index; Lean mass = whole body lean mass; ASM = appendicular skeletal muscle mass (the added muscle mass of four limbs). SMI = skeletal muscle index. Regular exercise: “no regular exercise” as the reference group; b = regression parameter estimates
  3. * < 0.05. ** < 0.01 *** < 0.001