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Table 1 Characteristics of the Asian immigrants and descendants participating in the study (N = 275)a

From: Evidence of areca nut consumption in the United States mainland: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Total N = 275 (100%)

Indian subcontinent Immigrant or descendant n = 58 (21.1%)

Others n = 217 (78.9%)

p value

Age (n = 267)

   

0.1271

  18–34 years

88 (32.96)

13 (22.81)

75 (35.71)

 

  35–54 years

115 (43.07)

26 (45.61)

89 (42.38)

 

   ≥ 55 years

64 (23.97)

18 (31.58)

46 (21.90)

 

Gender (n = 266)

   

0.5022

  Female

155 (58.27)

31 (54.39)

124 (59.33)

 

  Male

111 (41.73)

26 (45.61)

85 (40.67)

 

Level of Education (n = 275)

   

0.0329

  High school or less

56 (20.36)

6 (10.34)

50 (23.04)

 

  Higher than high school

219 (79.64)

52 (89.66)

167 (76.96)

 

Employment Status (n = 263)

   

0.0876

  Unemployedb

76 (28.90)

21 (38.18)

55 (26.44)

 

  Employedc

187 (71.10)

34 (61.82)

153(73.56)

 

US Born (n = 255)

   

0.0100

  Yes

84 (32.94)

11 (18.97)

73 (37.06)

 

  No

171 (67.06)

47 (81.03)

124 (62.94)

 

Age at US immigrationd (n = 179)

(mean ± SDe)

   

0.0057

 

16.48 ± 16.03

22.72 ± 14.71

14.75 ± 16.00

 

History of Cancer diagnosis (n = 255)

   

0.2781

  Yes

17 (6.67)

2 (3.51)

15 (7.58)

 

  No

238 (93.33)

55 (96.49)

183 (92.42)

 

Current Smokingf (n = 273)

   

0.9256

  Yes

14 (5.51)

3 (5.26)

11 (5.58)

 

  No

240 (94.49)

54 (94.74)

186 (94.42)

 

Familiarity with AN productsg (n = 154)

   

0.0073

  Yes (Seen at stores, home, online, etc.)

140 (90.91)

49 (100.0)

91 (86.67)

 

  No (I have not seen AN products)

14 (9.09)

0 (0.00)

14 (13.33)

 

Awareness of the harms associated with AN useh (n = 148)

   

0.0002

  Yes

85 (57.43)

35 (81.40)

50 (47.62)

 

  No

63 (42.57)

8 (18.60)

55 (52.38)

 

Have friends/family members in the US who ever use AN(n = 140)

   

0.0005

  Yes

43 (30.71)

23 (50.00)

20 (21.28)

 

  No

97 (69.29)

23 (50.00)

74 (78.72)

 

Ever use of AN products in the USi (n = 123)

   

0.0008

  Yes

21 (17.07)

14 (32.56)

7 (8.75)

 

  No

102 (82.93)

29 (67.44)

73 (91.25)

 

Age of AN initiation (mean, SD ±)j (n = 10)

   

NA

 

15.40 ± 7.49

15.44 ± 7.94

15.00 ± NA

 
  1. aDue to missing data not all the variables add up to the total sample (n = 275)
  2. bUnemployed/Student/Homemaker/Retired/Other
  3. cEmployed/Self-employed
  4. dOnly among those respondents not born in the US
  5. eSD Standard Deviation
  6. fCurrent smokers: Those who responded 'Yes' to the questions: 'Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes (5 packs) in your entire life?' and 'Do you now smoke every day or some days?'
  7. gOne hundred twenty-one individuals were excluded from this analysis as they chose the option “Refuse to answer to” or did not respond the questions “Are you familiar with AN products?”
  8. hOne hundred twenty-seven individuals were excluded from this analysis as they chose the option “Refuse to answer” to the question “Are you aware of the harmful effects related to AN use?”
  9. iTwenty-four individuals were excluded from this analysis as they chose the option “Refuse to answer” to the question “While in the US, have you ever used any AN product yourself?”
  10. jOnly among those respondents who reported AN use