Model 1 (Average retail prices ($)) | Model 2 (Federal and state taxes per pack ($)) | Model 3 (Federal and state taxes per pack as percentages of average retail prices (%)) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | 95% CI | p-value | Value | 95% CI | p-value | Value | 95% CI | p-value | |
Total | 1.28 | (0.95, 1.61) | < 0.001 | 1.71 | (1.32, 2.11) | < 0.001 | 0.21 | (0.17, 0.25) | < 0.001 |
By age groups | |||||||||
18–24 | 0.63 | (0.14, 1.12) | 0.01 | 0.84 | (0.22, 1.46) | 0.01 | 0.07 | (0.01, 0.14) | 0.03 |
25–49 | 1.45 | (1.05, 1.85) | < 0.001 | 1.96 | (1.48, 2.45) | < 0.001 | 0.25 | (0.20, 0.29) | < 0.001 |
50 + | 1.77 | (1.35, 2.19) | < 0.001 | 2.32 | (1.83, 2.82) | < 0.001 | 0.30 | (0.26, 0.34) | < 0.001 |
By gender | |||||||||
Males | 1.27 | (0.89, 1.66) | < 0.001 | 1.83 | (1.37, 2.28) | < 0.001 | 0.23 | (0.18, 0.27) | < 0.001 |
Females | 1.29 | (0.92, 1.67) | < 0.001 | 1.67 | (1.21, 2.12) | < 0.001 | 0.20 | (0.16, 0.25) | < 0.001 |
By race | |||||||||
NH White | 1.22 | (0.90, 1.54) | < 0.001 | 1.66 | (1.27, 2.05) | < 0.001 | 0.20 | (0.16, 0.23) | < 0.001 |
NH Black | 0.53 | (-0.48, 1.53) | 0.31 | 0.77 | (-0.51, 2.05) | 0.24 | 0.08 | (-0.05, 0.22) | 0.23 |
Hispanic | 1.33 | (0.52, 2.13) | < 0.001 | 1.74 | (0.75, 2.73) | < 0.001 | 0.19 | (0.09, 0.30) | < 0.001 |
Other | 1.36 | (0.76, 1.96) | < 0.001 | 2.02 | (1.27, 2.77) | < 0.001 | 0.25 | (0.17, 0.33) | < 0.001 |
By income | |||||||||
0 K—< 25 K | 1.45 | (1.02, 1.87) | < 0.001 | 1.95 | (1.45, 2.45) | < 0.001 | 0.23 | (0.19, 0.28) | < 0.001 |
25 K—< 50 k | 1.54 | (1.09, 1.99) | < 0.001 | 2.02 | (1.47, 2.57) | < 0.001 | 0.23 | (0.18, 0.29) | < 0.001 |
50 K—< 75 K | 1.22 | (0.75, 1.69) | < 0.001 | 1.87 | (1.30, 2.44) | < 0.001 | 0.25 | (0.19, 0.31) | < 0.001 |
75 K + | 1.39 | (0.92, 1.86) | < 0.001 | 1.93 | (1.34, 2.51) | < 0.001 | 0.22 | (0.15, 0.28) | < 0.001 |