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Table 1 The association between smoking prevalence and cigarette prices and taxes (average retail prices in Model 1, federal and state taxes per pack (in dollars) in Model 2, and federal and state taxes per pack (as percentages of average retail prices) in Model 3)

From: The association between smoking behaviors and prices and taxes per cigarette pack in the United States from 2000 through 2019

 

Model 1

(Average retail prices ($))

Model 2

(Federal and state taxes per pack ($))

Model 3

(Federal and state taxes per pack as percentages of average retail prices (%))

Value

95% CI

p-value

Value

95% CI

p-value

Value

95% CI

p-value

Total

-0.52

(-0.71, -0.33)

 < 0.001

-0.65

(-0.88, -0.42)

 < 0.001

-0.05

(-0.07, -0.03)

 < 0.001

By age groups

 18–24

-1.80

(-2.3, -1.29)

 < 0.001

-1.87

(-2.49, -1.25)

 < 0.001

-0.15

(-0.22, -0.09)

 < 0.001

 25–49

-0.73

(-0.99, -0.48)

 < 0.001

-0.92

(-1.23, -0.62)

 < 0.001

-0.08

(-0.11, -0.05)

 < 0.001

 50 + 

-0.43

(-0.58, -0.28)

 < 0.001

-0.56

(-0.75, -0.38)

 < 0.001

-0.05

(-0.07, -0.03)

 < 0.001

By gender

 Males

-0.77

(-1.03, -0.52)

 < 0.001

-0.95

(-1.26, -0.65)

 < 0.001

-0.08

(-0.11, -0.05)

 < 0.001

 Females

-0.59

(-0.78, -0.39)

 < 0.001

-0.73

(-0.96, -0.5)

 < 0.001

-0.06

(-0.09, -0.04)

 < 0.001

By race

 NH White

-0.52

(-0.72, -0.32)

 < 0.001

-0.71

(-0.96, -0.47)

 < 0.001

-0.06

(-0.09, -0.04)

 < 0.001

 NH Black

-1.48

(-2.13, -0.83)

 < 0.001

-1.79

(-2.58, -1.00)

 < 0.001

-0.16

(-0.24, -0.08)

0.001

 Hispanic

-1.30

(-1.83, -0.76)

 < 0.001

-1.50

(-2.15, -0.86)

 < 0.001

-0.15

(-0.21, -0.08)

 < 0.001

 Other

-1.34

(-1.82, -0.86)

 < 0.001

-1.47

(-2.05, -0.90)

 < 0.001

-0.12

(-0.18, -0.07)

 < 0.001

By income

 0 K—< 25 K

-0.39

(-0.68, -0.11)

0.01

-0.42

(-0.76, -0.07)

0.02

-0.03

(-0.06, 0.00)

0.08

 25 K—< 50 k

-0.90

(-1.16, -0.65)

 < 0.001

-1.14

(-1.45, -0.84)

 < 0.001

-0.11

(-0.14, -0.08)

 < 0.001

 50 K—< 75 K

-1.02

(-1.27, -0.77)

 < 0.001

-1.30

(-1.60, -1.01)

 < 0.001

-0.12

(-0.15, -0.09)

 < 0.001

 75 K + 

-0.90

(-1.10, -0.69)

 < 0.001

-1.14

(-1.38, -0.89)

 < 0.001

-0.11

(-0.14, -0.09)

 < 0.001