From: Women’s awareness of breast cancer symptoms: a national cross-sectional study from Palestine
Characteristic | Discharge or bleeding from the nipple | Nipple rash | Change in the position of the nipple | Pulling in of the nipple | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR (95% CI)* | P-value | AOR (95% CI)* | P-value | AOR (95% CI)* | P-value | AOR (95% CI)* | P-value | |
Age group | ||||||||
18 to 39 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
40 or older | 1.36 (1.16–1.59) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.08–1.45) | 0.002 | 1.46 (1.27–1.68) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.35–1.80) | <0.001 |
Educational level | ||||||||
Secondary or below | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Post-secondary | 1.36 (1.18–1.58) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.10–1.43) | 0.001 | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | 0.004 | 1.34 (1.17–1.53) | <0.001 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Unemployed/home duties | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Employed | 1.33 (1.11–1.60) | 0.002 | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 0.99 | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 0.72 | 1.27 (1.08–1.49) | 0.004 |
Retired | 1.30 (0.28–6.00) | 0.73 | 1.79 (0.48–6.60) | 0.38 | 3.30 (0.72–15.10) | 0.12 | 2.04 (0.55–7.57) | 0.28 |
Student | 1.49 (1.17–1.91) | 0.001 | 1.17 (0.94–1.47) | 0.16 | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 0.13 | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) | 0.001 |
Monthly income | ||||||||
< 1450 NIS | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
≥ 1450 NIS | 1.47 (1.25–1.73) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.82–1.11) | 0.54 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.12 | 1.11 (0.96–1.29) | 0.15 |
Residency | ||||||||
Gaza Strip | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
WBJ | 0.70 (0.59–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.61–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.60–0.80) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.57–0.76) | <0.001 |
Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.15 (0.97–1.38) | 0.12 | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.75 | 1.16 (1.00–1.36) | 0.06 | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 0.37 |
Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 0.57 | 1.21 (1.08–1.36) | 0.001 | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 0.16 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 0.022 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Single | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Married | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) | 0.09 | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 0.31 | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.06 | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 0.50 |
Divorced/Widowed | 1.19 (0.87–1.63) | 0.27 | 0.96 (0.73–1.28) | 0.80 | 0.90 (0.68–1.19) | 0.45 | 0.99 (0.75–1.32) | 0.96 |
Site of data collection | ||||||||
Public spaces | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Hospitals | 1.51 (1.30–1.75) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.19–1.57) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.35–1.77) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.31–1.72) | <0.001 |
Primary healthcare centers | 1.65 (1.39–1.95) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.20–1.63) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.40–1.90) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.60–2.17) | <0.001 |