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Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analyzing the association between recognizing breast symptoms and participant characteristics

From: Women’s awareness of breast cancer symptoms: a national cross-sectional study from Palestine

characteristic

A lump or thickening in the breast

Pain in one of the breasts or armpits

Puckering or dimpling of the breast skin

Redness of the breast skin

AOR (95% CI)*

P-value

AOR (95% CI)*

P-value

AOR (95% CI)*

P-value

AOR (95% CI)*

P-value

Age group

 18 to 39

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 40 or older

1.18 (0.89–1.57)

0.24

0.80 (0.69–0.92)

0.002

1.52 (1.32–1.76)

<0.001 

1.47 (1.27–1.69)

<0.001 

Educational level

 Secondary or below

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Post-secondary

1.94 (1.49–2.53)

 <0.001

1.26 (1.10–1.44)

0.001

1.51 (1.32–1.73)

<0.001  

1.23 (1.08–1.41)

0.002

Occupation

 Unemployed/home duties

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Employed

0.85 (0.62–1.18)

0.34

0.85 (0.73–1.00)

0.054

1.08 (0.92–1.28)

0.33

0.98 (0.84–1.15)

0.83

 Retired

0.38 (0.05–3.10)

0.37

4.40 (0.96–20.06)

0.06

1.54 (0.41–5.74)

0.52

0.65 (0.21–1.97)

0.45

 Student

0.84 (0.56–1.26)

0.40

1.04 (0.83–1.31)

0.73

1.26 (1.01–1.58)

0.041

1.12 (0.90–1.40)

0.32

Monthly income

 < 1450 NIS

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ≥ 1450 NIS

1.87 (1.40–2.48)

<0.001

0.95 (0.82–1.10)

0.52

1.11 (0.96–1.29)

0.17

0.81 (0.70–0.94)

0.005

Residency

        

 Gaza Strip

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 WBJ

0.45 (0.34–0.61)

 <0.001

1.15 (1.00–1.32)

0.06

0.73 (0.63–0.84)

 <0.001

0.75 (0.65–0.86)

<0.001 

Having a chronic disease

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.02 (0.75–1.39)

0.89

0.91 (0.78–1.07)

0.26

0.94 (0.81–1.11)

0.47

0.97 (0.83–1.14)

0.73

Knowing someone with cancer

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.46 (1.17–1.83)

0.001

0.94 (0.84–1.05)

0.25

1.21 (1.08–1.36)

0.001

1.11 (0.99–1.25)

0.07

Marital status

 Single

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Married

1.40 (1.03–1.90)

0.029

0.87 (0.74–1.03)

0.11

0.86 (0.73–1.02)

0.08

1.15 (0.98–1.36)

0.09

 Divorced/Widowed

2.27 (1.25–4.15)

0.007

0.93 (0.70–1.24)

0.63

0.87 (0.66–1.16)

0.35

0.85 (0.64–1.12)

0.25

Site of data collection

 Public spaces

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Hospitals

1.40 (1.07–1.84)

0.016

1.06 (0.92–1.21)

0.43

1.84 (1.60–2.11)

<0.001 

1.46 (1.28–1.68)

<0.001  

 Primary healthcare centers

0.90 (0.68–1.20)

0.48

1.36 (1.17–1.59)

 <0.001

2.02 (1.73–2.36)

<0.001 

1.50 (1.28–1.75)

<0.001  

  1. AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, WBJ West Bank and Jerusalem
  2. *Adjusted for age-group, educational level, occupation, monthly income, marital status, residency, having a chronic disease, knowing someone with cancer, and site of data collection
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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