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Table 4 Associations between reported tick exposure and socio-demographic, environmental and behavioral factors. The table presents results from the multivariable analysis conducted utilising (1) mixed model using random effects for RLS and no weights, and (2) quasi binomial regression with weights (OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval). The reference category for the preventive behaviors is either “never” or “rarely”. The reference for the gardening, hiking and camping is no regular engagement in these activities

From: Behavioral risk factors associated with reported tick exposure in a Lyme disease high incidence region in Canada

  

Random effects for RLS no weights

Quasi binomial with weights

  

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Intercept

 

0.0015

0.0005-0.0052

0.0017

0.0004-0.0068

Sex

Male

ref

ref

Female

0.58

0.43-0.77

0.68

0.44-1.06

Age

18-24 yr

ref

ref

25-34yr

2.08

0.68-6.33

0.92

0.23-3.72

25-44 yr

2.87

1.00-8.26

1.94

0.52-7.25

45-54 yr

2.12

0.72-6.2

1.23

0.31-4.90

55-64 yr

1.39

0.48-4.05

0.81

0.20-3.32

65-74 yr

2.33

0.81-6.71

1.34

0.34-5.32

75+ yr

2.60

0.83-8.16

1.85

0.39-8.84

Education

No diploma

ref

ref

High school diploma or less

1.07

0.77-1.49

1.23

0.76-2.01

Preventive behaviors

Tick repellent

1.08

0.79-1.46

1.06

0.70-1.59

Tick checks

4.35

3.14-6.03

4.33

2.59-7.22

Shower

1.12

0.82-1.52

1.23

0.81-1.89

Daily time spent outdoors

0 h

ref

ref

< 1 h

1.06

0.72-1.56

1.08

0.61-1.92

1-4 hrs

1.97

1.32-2.94

1.83

1.08-3.10

5h hrs

3.63

2.26-5.83

3.09

1.61-5.92

Outdoor activities

Gardening

1.10

0.80-1.51

1.12

0.76-1.63

Camping

0.98

0.71-1.36

1.07

0.70-1.64

Hiking

1.36

0.98-1.88

1.10

0.70-1.72

Home within 500 ft. of high-risk area

1.70

1.10-2.62

2.40

1.41-4.09

Public health risk level

1.85

1.33-2.58

2.14

1.48-3.10